Poirier Gabriel, Ohayon Alice, Juranville Adrien, Mourey France, Gaveau Jeremie
INSERM U1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000 Dijon, France.
Espace d'Étude du Mouvement-Étienne Jules MAREY, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000 Dijon, France.
Geriatrics (Basel). 2021 Mar 23;6(1):33. doi: 10.3390/geriatrics6010033.
Aging is associated with modifications of several brain structures and functions. These modifications then manifest as modified behaviors. It has been proposed that some brain function modifications may compensate for some other deteriorated ones, thus maintaining behavioral performance. Through the concept of compensation versus deterioration, this article reviews the literature on motor function in healthy and pathological aging. We first highlight mechanistic studies that used paradigms, allowing us to identify precise compensation mechanisms in healthy aging. Subsequently, we review studies investigating motor function in two often-associated neurological conditions, i.e., mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. We point out the need to expand the knowledge gained from descriptive studies with studies targeting specific motor control processes. Teasing apart deteriorated versus compensating processes represents precious knowledge that could significantly improve the prevention and rehabilitation of age-related loss of mobility.
衰老与多种脑结构和功能的改变有关。这些改变随后表现为行为的改变。有人提出，一些脑功能的改变可能会补偿其他一些衰退的功能，从而维持行为表现。通过补偿与衰退的概念，本文综述了关于健康衰老和病理性衰老中运动功能的文献。我们首先重点介绍了使用相关范式的机制研究，这些研究使我们能够确定健康衰老中精确的补偿机制。随后，我们综述了针对两种常伴发的神经疾病（即轻度认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病）的运动功能研究。我们指出，需要用针对特定运动控制过程的研究来扩展从描述性研究中获得的知识。区分衰退过程和补偿过程是宝贵的知识，这可以显著改善与年龄相关的行动能力丧失的预防和康复。
