Segura M Rafael A, Stoorvogel Jetse J, Blanco R Fabio A, Sandoval F Jorge A
Soil Geography and Landscape Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Research Center, CORBANA S.A., Guápiles 32-7210, Costa Rica.
J Fungi (Basel). 2021 Mar 31;7(4):261. doi: 10.3390/jof7040261.
f. sp. (Foc) is a soil-borne fungus causing Fusarium wilt (FW) in banana. It is practically impossible to eradicate Foc in soils. Our understanding of soil-Foc-banana interactions is hampered by inconsistent research results caused by agro-ecological variability and the complexity of the soil system. This study aimed to evaluate the options to manage soil chemical properties to reduce disease expression and maintain banana production. The expression of FW (Foc Race 1) and the agronomic performance of the Gros Michel ( AAA) banana were evaluated in two medium-term factorial field experiments at representative locations in the Costa Rican banana region. In the experiments, five soil chemical properties (pH, N, Ca, Mg, and Mn) were managed to achieve a low and a high level. Plant mortality caused by FW, soil fertility, plant nutrition, and agronomic performance were monitored during four crop cycles. After the first crop cycle, the treatments started to present differences in plant mortality. There was a significant rise of plant mortality after the second crop cycle resulting in a cumulative plant mortality exceeding 60% in both experiments. A lower soil pH consistently resulted in significantly higher plant mortality. The interactions between soil properties (pH-N, pH-CaMg, pH-Mn, N-Mn, and CaMg-Mn) also influenced plant mortality. Soil N was the most significant treatment affecting leaf nutrient concentrations, bunch weight, and clusters per bunch. The experiments confirmed the potential role of soil management in FW expression in banana. Our results suggest that the management of soil chemical properties in the conditions here studied may help to reduce the expression rate of FW, but not to control the disease in the long run.
尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型（Foc）是一种土传真菌，可导致香蕉枯萎病（FW）。在土壤中根除Foc几乎是不可能的。农业生态变异性和土壤系统的复杂性导致研究结果不一致，这阻碍了我们对土壤 - Foc - 香蕉相互作用的理解。本研究旨在评估管理土壤化学性质以降低病害表现并维持香蕉产量的方法。在哥斯达黎加香蕉产区的代表性地点进行了两个中期析因田间试验，评估了FW（Foc 1号生理小种）的表现以及大麦克（AAA）香蕉的农艺性能。在试验中，对五种土壤化学性质（pH值、氮、钙、镁和锰）进行管理，使其达到低水平和高水平。在四个作物周期内监测由FW引起的植株死亡率、土壤肥力、植株营养和农艺性能。在第一个作物周期后，各处理在植株死亡率上开始出现差异。在第二个作物周期后，植株死亡率显著上升，两个试验中的累积植株死亡率均超过60%。较低的土壤pH值始终导致显著更高的植株死亡率。土壤性质之间的相互作用（pH - 氮、pH - 钙镁、pH - 锰、氮 - 锰和钙镁 - 锰）也影响植株死亡率。土壤氮是影响叶片养分浓度、果穗重量和每穗果梳数的最显著处理因素。试验证实了土壤管理在香蕉枯萎病表现中的潜在作用。我们的结果表明，在所研究的条件下管理土壤化学性质可能有助于降低枯萎病的发病率，但从长远来看并不能控制该病。
