Nottingham University Business School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG8 1BB, UK.
School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG8 1BB, UK.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 31;18(7):3632. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073632.
The development and enhancement of occupational health services (OHS) at the national level is central to ensuring the sustainable health, well-being and work engagement of the working population. However, due to differences in national health, social security and occupational safety and health systems, the content, capacity, coverage and provisions of OHS vary considerably across national contexts. Obtaining a better understanding in terms of such similarities and variations internationally is essential as such comparative information can help inform evidenced-based decision-making on OHS at both policy and practice levels. This paper therefore reviews and analyses the key policies, standards and approaches in OH systems and services, using both academic and grey literature, across 12 industrialised countries (Australia, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, Poland, United Kingdom and the United States of America). It provides a detailed overview and categorization of OHS in these selected countries in terms of the legal and policy context, organisation and financing and coverage and staffing while specifically discussing variations aimed at psychosocial risk management and the promotion of mental health and well-being at work. It draws conclusions on key development needs of OHS internationally to ensure psychosocial risk management and mental health promotion are prioritised effectively in a preventive manner.
国家一级职业健康服务（OHS）的发展和增强对于确保劳动人口的可持续健康、福利和工作投入至关重要。然而，由于各国的健康、社会保障和职业安全与健康制度存在差异，职业健康服务在内容、能力、覆盖范围和规定方面在各国之间存在着相当大的差异。在国际上更好地了解这些相似点和差异对于职业健康服务的政策和实践层面的循证决策至关重要，因为这些比较信息可以帮助提供职业健康服务的政策和实践层面的循证决策。本文因此使用学术和灰色文献，审查和分析了 12 个工业化国家（澳大利亚、加拿大、芬兰、法国、德国、爱尔兰、意大利、日本、荷兰、波兰、英国和美国）的职业健康体系和服务的关键政策、标准和方法。本文详细介绍和分类了这些选定国家的职业健康服务，涉及法律和政策背景、组织和融资以及覆盖范围和人员配备，同时特别讨论了旨在管理心理社会风险和促进工作场所心理健康和福利的差异。本文就国际职业健康服务的关键发展需求得出结论，以确保心理社会风险管理和精神健康促进能够得到有效、预防性的优先重视。
