Consultant, Haagstraat 13, 3581 SW Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Immunotoxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 5;22(5):2610. doi: 10.3390/ijms22052610.
The thoracic and peritoneal cavities are lined by serous membranes and are home of the serosal immune system. This immune system fuses innate and adaptive immunity, to maintain local homeostasis and repair local tissue damage, and to cooperate closely with the mucosal immune system. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are found abundantly in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities, and they are crucial in first defense against pathogenic viruses and bacteria. Nanomaterials (NMs) can enter the cavities intentionally for medical purposes, or unintentionally following environmental exposure; subsequent serosal inflammation and cancer (mesothelioma) has gained significant interest. However, reports on adverse effects of NM on ILCs and other components of the serosal immune system are scarce or even lacking. As ILCs are crucial in the first defense against pathogenic viruses and bacteria, it is possible that serosal exposure to NM may lead to a reduced resistance against pathogens. Additionally, affected serosal lymphoid tissues and cells may disturb adipose tissue homeostasis. This review aims to provide insight into key effects of NM on the serosal immune system.
胸腔和腹腔由浆膜衬里，是浆膜免疫系统的所在地。该免疫系统融合了先天免疫和适应性免疫，以维持局部内稳态和修复局部组织损伤，并与黏膜免疫系统密切合作。胸腹腔内富含固有淋巴细胞 (ILC)，它们在抵抗致病病毒和细菌的第一道防线中至关重要。纳米材料 (NM) 可以出于医疗目的有意进入这些腔室，或者在环境暴露后无意中进入；随后的浆膜炎症和癌症（间皮瘤）引起了广泛关注。然而，关于 NM 对 ILC 及浆膜免疫系统其他成分的不良影响的报告很少甚至没有。由于 ILC 对致病病毒和细菌的第一道防线至关重要，因此浆膜暴露于 NM 可能导致对病原体的抵抗力降低。此外，受影响的浆膜淋巴组织和细胞可能会扰乱脂肪组织的内稳态。本综述旨在深入了解 NM 对浆膜免疫系统的关键影响。
