Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 5;18(5):2646. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052646.
Considering the negative impact of a lack of dietary diversity on children's nutritional status, we aimed to describe dietary variety according to eating at home frequency and assessed its association with respiratory outcomes in school-aged children. This cross-sectional study included 590 children (49% girls) aged 7 to 12 years from 20 public schools located in city of Porto, Portugal. Daily frequency of eating at home groups were calculated and dietary diversity was calculated using a 10-food group score from a 24 h recall questionnaire. Spirometry and exhaled nitric oxide levels (eNO; <35 and ≥35 ppb) were assessed. The comparison of diet diversity according to the groups was performed by ANOVA and ANCOVA. The association between dietary diversity and respiratory outcomes was examined using regression models. In multivariate analysis, children in the highest group of eating at home episodes (≥4 occasions) obtained the lowest dietary diversity mean score, while the lowest group (<2) had the highest mean score (-value 0.026). After adjustment for confounders, higher diet diversity (≥5 food groups) significantly decreased the odds of having an eNO ≥35. Diet diversity might decrease the chance of airway inflammation among children. However, having more eating episodes at home could be a barrier to a more diverse diet.
考虑到饮食多样性缺乏对儿童营养状况的负面影响，我们旨在根据在家就餐频率描述饮食多样性，并评估其与学龄儿童呼吸道结局的关系。这项横断面研究纳入了来自葡萄牙波尔图市 20 所公立学校的 590 名儿童（49%为女孩），年龄为 7 至 12 岁。计算了每日在家就餐频率，并用 24 小时回忆问卷中的 10 种食物组评分计算饮食多样性。评估了肺量测定和呼出气一氧化氮水平（eNO；<35 和≥35 ppb）。通过方差分析和协方差分析比较了不同组别的饮食多样性。使用回归模型检查了饮食多样性与呼吸道结局之间的关联。在多变量分析中，在家就餐次数最高（≥4 次）组的儿童获得的饮食多样性平均得分最低，而在家就餐次数最低（<2 次）组的儿童平均得分最高（-值 0.026）。在校正混杂因素后，较高的饮食多样性（≥5 种食物组）显著降低了 eNO≥35 的比值比。饮食多样性可能降低儿童气道炎症的几率。然而，在家就餐次数增加可能成为饮食多样性增加的障碍。
