Krigas Nikos, Lykas Christos, Ipsilantis Ioannis, Matsi Theodora, Weststrand Stina, Havström Mats, Tsoktouridis Georgios
Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources (IPBGR), Hellenic Agricultural Organization (HAO) Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Volos, 38446 Magnesia, Greece.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Mar 19;10(3):580. doi: 10.3390/plants10030580.
From an ornamental viewpoint, tulips are famous clonally propagated crops. This research focuses on 15 wild-growing Greek tulip species including 11 range-restricted species, i.e., six Greek endemics and five Balkan or Aegean endemics and subendemics, among which seven are currently threatened with extinction (two Critically Endangered, three Endangered and two Vulnerable). An overview of the global electronic trade over the internet is presented herein for these valuable phytogenetic resources in an attempt to define the extent of their commercialization (25 nurseries in three countries, mainly bulb trade at various prices) with concomitant conservation implications. In the frame of the repatriation initiatives launched, their global ex situ conservation is overviewed according to the PlantSearch facility of the Botanic Gardens Conservation International (materials from 15 species stored in 41 botanic gardens of 14 countries). The results of this study on the Greek tulips showed that there are both well-established value chains and gaps in the market regarding the "botanical tulips"; revealed the compromised effectiveness of ex situ conservation for the majority of them; raised conservation concerns related to authorized access to these wild phytogenetic resources; and indicated that their future utilization should comply with the provision of national and international legislation. All these are envisaged and discussed within the framework of the newly launched research project TULIPS.GR which aims to be the pilot establishment of a national collection regarding all Greek tulips (currently holding 38 accessions of 13 species, including almost all of the threatened ones). The project's scope is to enable the creation of a sustainable value chain for the Greek tulips with authorized collections, sustainable conservation schemes, production of DNA barcoded propagation material, species-specific propagation and cultivation protocols, mycorrhizal investigations, field studies, applying innovative precise soil/foliar fertigation, and investigation of the postharvest treatment of fresh cut flowers, promoting networking and synergies with producers and associations in Greece and abroad.
从观赏角度来看，郁金香是著名的无性繁殖作物。本研究聚焦于15种野生希腊郁金香物种，其中包括11种分布范围受限的物种，即6种希腊特有物种以及5种巴尔干或爱琴海特有及亚特有物种，其中7种目前面临灭绝威胁（2种极度濒危、3种濒危和2种易危）。本文呈现了这些珍贵植物遗传资源在互联网上的全球电子贸易概况，旨在确定其商业化程度（涉及三个国家的25家苗圃，主要是不同价格的种球贸易）及其对保护的影响。在已启动的迁地保护倡议框架内，根据国际植物园保护联盟的植物搜索设施，概述了它们在全球的迁地保护情况（14个国家的41个植物园保存了15个物种的材料）。这项关于希腊郁金香的研究结果表明，“植物郁金香”既有成熟的价值链，也存在市场空白；揭示了大多数物种迁地保护的有效性受到损害；引发了与合法获取这些野生植物遗传资源相关的保护问题；并表明其未来利用应符合国家和国际立法的规定。所有这些都在新启动的研究项目TULIPS.GR框架内进行了设想和讨论，该项目旨在率先建立一个关于所有希腊郁金香的国家收集库（目前拥有13个物种的38份种质，包括几乎所有受威胁物种）。该项目的范围是为希腊郁金香建立一个可持续的价值链，包括合法收集、可持续保护方案、生产DNA条形码繁殖材料、特定物种的繁殖和栽培方案、菌根研究、田间研究、应用创新的精准土壤/叶面施肥，以及鲜切花采后处理研究，促进与希腊国内外生产者和协会的网络合作与协同效应。
