Israel Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan 5262160, Israel.
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 16;18(6):3070. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18063070.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19 and is mostly person-to-person transmitted through respiratory droplets. The implications of the strategies implemented to prevent COVID-19 transmission on other infectious diseases are unclear. We aimed to appraise trends in the incidence of salmonellosis, shigellosis and campylobacteriosis in Israel during COVID-19 pandemic. Positive stool samples for , and are reported on a monthly basis to the Israel Center for Disease Control from sentinel laboratories, within the framework of a surveillance network of bacterial culture-proven enteric diseases. Age-adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 of shigellosis, salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis were calculated. Mean rates before and after the local onset of COVID-19 pandemic in Israel were compared and Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) was calculated. Joinpoint was used to evaluate secular trends. The mean age-adjusted incidence rate of shigellosis in March-July 2020 was lower than the rate observed in March-July 2018-2019 (RRR = 86.6%), but also decreased for salmonellosis (RRR = 33.0%) and campylobacteriosis (RRR = 30.0%). Using Joinpoint we have shown that the decrease observed for shigellosis was significantly sharper (Annual Percent Change (APC) = -77.7) between February 2020 and May 2020 than for salmonellosis (APC = -14.0) between July 2019 and April 2020 and for campylobacteriosis (APC = -1.1) between January 2018 and July 2020. The preventive measures applied to reduce transmission of COVID-19, including social distancing and hand washing, were ecologically associated with a decreased risk of bacterial enteric diseases in Israel. The association was strongest for shigellosis, a disease that is mostly person-to-person transmitted, as compared to salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis which are mostly foodborne transmitted.
严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）会引起 COVID-19，主要通过呼吸道飞沫在人与人之间传播。目前尚不清楚为预防 COVID-19 传播而实施的策略对其他传染病的影响。本研究旨在评估 COVID-19 大流行期间以色列志贺菌病、沙门氏菌病和弯曲菌病的发病率趋势。每月从哨点实验室向以色列疾病控制中心报告志贺氏菌病、沙门氏菌病和弯曲菌病的阳性粪便样本，这些样本是在细菌性肠道疾病监测网络的框架内进行细菌培养证实的。计算了每 10 万人的年龄调整发病率。比较了 COVID-19 大流行在以色列局部暴发前后的平均发病率，并计算了相对风险降低（RRR）。使用 Joinpoint 评估了季节性趋势。2020 年 3 月至 7 月的志贺菌病平均年龄调整发病率低于 2018-2019 年 3 月至 7 月的观察值（RRR = 86.6%），沙门氏菌病（RRR = 33.0%）和弯曲菌病（RRR = 30.0%）的发病率也有所下降。使用 Joinpoint 我们发现，与沙门氏菌病（APC = -14.0）相比，2020 年 2 月至 5 月期间观察到的志贺菌病下降更为显著（APC = -77.7），而与 2019 年 7 月至 2020 年 4 月期间的沙门氏菌病（APC = -14.0）和 2018 年 1 月至 2020 年 7 月期间的弯曲菌病（APC = -1.1）相比。为减少 COVID-19 传播而采取的预防措施，包括社交距离和勤洗手，与以色列细菌性肠道疾病风险降低存在生态关联。与主要通过食物传播的沙门氏菌病和弯曲菌病相比，这种关联在主要通过人际传播的志贺菌病中最强。
