Gascó-Laborda Juan Carlos, Tirado-Balaguer M Dolores, Gil-Fortuño María, Dorina Deaconescu Gabriela, Sabalza-Baztán Oihana, Pérez-Olaso Óscar, Gómez-Alfaro Iris, Hernández-Pérez Noelia, Bellido-Blasco Juan B
Sección de Epidemiología; Centro de Salud Pública de Castelló; Conselleria de Sanitat; Generalitat Valenciana. Castelló. España.
Laboratorio de Microbiología; Hospital General Universitario de Castelló; Conselleria de Sanitat; Generalitat Valenciana. Castelló. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2024 Feb 21;98:e202402011.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a strong impact on other infectious diseases. The aim of this paper was to analyze the epidemiological changes that occurred during the pandemic in eight infectious diseases with different epidemiological patterns: influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus, pneumococcus, , non-typhoid , gonorrhea and herpes zoster.
From the Microbiological Surveillance Network, the time series of cases was traced from January 2017 to March 2023. Three periods were distinguished: reference, pandemic and beginning of the post-pandemic. The distribution by age and sex in these periods was analyzed. Incidence rates and rate ratios (RR) were calculated. These RRs and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated overall and by year of age in children under five years of age.
Statistically significant differences were found in the impact that the pandemic had on each of these diseases. Some, after a period of epidemic silence, have revealed an intense post-pandemic rebound. The post-pandemic global RT increased for influenza (2.4), RSV (1.9) and gonorrhea (3.1); rotavirus recovered its pre-pandemic level (1.07); and pneumococcus (0.84), (0.83) and (0.60) decreased. In children under 5 years of age, the patterns were specific and heterogeneous for each disease.
The impact of the pandemic is very different in these diseases. Pediatric and respiratory-transmitted seasonal viral infections are the ones that are most affected, but with different patterns of recovery to normality. Gastrointestinal bacterial infections suffer fewer variations, except for rotavirus. Gonorrhea do not interrupt its increasing trend seen in the pre-pandemic. Shingles show a slight post-pandemic increase. Several diseases with different epidemiological patterns have been studied for a sufficient period to observe how the acute phase of the pandemic emerges.
新冠疫情对其他传染病产生了重大影响。本文旨在分析在疫情期间八种具有不同流行模式的传染病所发生的流行病学变化：流感、呼吸道合胞病毒、轮状病毒、肺炎球菌、非伤寒沙门氏菌、淋病和带状疱疹。
通过微生物监测网络，追踪了2017年1月至2023年3月的病例时间序列。区分了三个时期：参考期、疫情期和疫情后初期。分析了这些时期按年龄和性别的分布情况。计算了发病率和率比（RR）。总体上以及在五岁以下儿童中按年龄年份估计了这些RR及其95%置信区间。
发现疫情对每种疾病的影响存在统计学上的显著差异。一些疾病在经历了一段流行沉默期后，出现了强烈的疫情后反弹。疫情后全球流感（2.4）、呼吸道合胞病毒（1.9）和淋病（3.1）的发病率回升；轮状病毒恢复到疫情前水平（1.07）；而肺炎球菌（0.84）、非伤寒沙门氏菌（0.83）和带状疱疹（0.60）的发病率下降。在五岁以下儿童中，每种疾病的模式都是特定且异质的。
疫情对这些疾病的影响差异很大。儿科和通过呼吸道传播的季节性病毒感染受影响最大，但恢复正常的模式不同。除轮状病毒外，胃肠道细菌感染的变化较小。淋病并未中断其在疫情前呈现的上升趋势。带状疱疹在疫情后略有增加。对几种具有不同流行模式的疾病进行了足够长时间的研究，以观察疫情急性期的情况。
