Yachida Nozomi, Yoshihara Kosuke, Yamaguchi Manako, Suda Kazuaki, Tamura Ryo, Enomoto Takayuki
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Mar 22;13(6):1439. doi: 10.3390/cancers13061439.
Numerous epidemiological and histopathological studies support the notion that clear cell and endometrioid carcinomas derive from ovarian endometriosis. Accordingly, these histologic types are referred to as "endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer" (EAOC). Although the uterine endometrium is also considered an origin of endometriosis, the molecular mechanism involved in transformation of the uterine endometrium to EAOC via ovarian endometriosis has not yet been clarified. Recent studies based on high-throughput sequencing technology have revealed that cancer-associated gene mutations frequently identified in EAOC may exist in the normal uterine endometrial epithelium and ovarian endometriotic epithelium. The continuum of genomic alterations from the uterine endometrium to endometriosis and EAOC has been described, though the significance of cancer-associated gene mutations in the uterine endometrium or endometriosis remains unclear. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the molecular characteristics of the uterine endometrium, endometriosis, and EAOC and discuss the molecular mechanism of cancer development from the normal endometrium through endometriosis in an effort to prevent EAOC.
大量的流行病学和组织病理学研究支持这样一种观点，即透明细胞癌和子宫内膜样癌起源于卵巢子宫内膜异位症。因此，这些组织学类型被称为“子宫内膜异位症相关卵巢癌”（EAOC）。尽管子宫内膜也被认为是子宫内膜异位症的起源，但通过卵巢子宫内膜异位症将子宫内膜转化为EAOC所涉及的分子机制尚未阐明。基于高通量测序技术的最新研究表明，在EAOC中频繁发现的癌症相关基因突变可能存在于正常子宫内膜上皮和卵巢子宫内膜异位上皮中。虽然从子宫内膜到子宫内膜异位症和EAOC的基因组改变的连续性已被描述，但子宫内膜或子宫内膜异位症中癌症相关基因突变的意义仍不清楚。在本综述中，我们总结了关于子宫内膜、子宫内膜异位症和EAOC分子特征的现有知识，并讨论了从正常子宫内膜通过子宫内膜异位症发展为癌症的分子机制，以期预防EAOC。
