Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
Viruses. 2021 Mar 22;13(3):520. doi: 10.3390/v13030520.
The life cycle of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be divided into several stages, including viral entry, protein translation, RNA replication, viral assembly, and release. HCV genomic RNA replication occurs in the replication organelles (RO) and is tightly linked to ER membrane alterations containing replication complexes (proteins NS3 to NS5B). The amplification of HCV genomic RNA could be regulated by the RO biogenesis, the viral RNA structure (i.e., cis-acting replication elements), and both viral and cellular proteins. Studies on HCV replication have led to the development of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) targeting the replication complex. This review article summarizes the viral and cellular factors involved in regulating HCV genomic RNA replication and the DAAs that inhibit HCV replication.
丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的生命周期可分为几个阶段，包括病毒进入、蛋白翻译、RNA 复制、病毒组装和释放。HCV 基因组 RNA 的复制发生在复制体（RO）中，与包含复制复合物（蛋白 NS3 到 NS5B）的内质网膜改变紧密相关。RO 的生物发生、病毒 RNA 结构（即顺式作用复制元件）以及病毒和细胞蛋白都可以调节 HCV 基因组 RNA 的扩增。对 HCV 复制的研究导致了针对复制复合物的直接作用抗病毒药物（DAAs）的开发。本文综述了参与调节 HCV 基因组 RNA 复制的病毒和细胞因子以及抑制 HCV 复制的 DAA。
