Ilina Larisa A, Filippova Valentina A, Brazhnik Evgeni A, Dubrovin Andrey V, Yildirim Elena A, Dunyashev Timur P, Laptev Georgiy Y, Novikova Natalia I, Sobolev Dmitriy V, Yuzhakov Aleksandr A, Laishev Kasim A
BIOTROF + Ltd., 8 Malinovskaya St, Liter A, 7-N, Pushkin, 196602 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Department of Animal Husbandry and Environmental Management of the Arctic, Federal Research Center of Russian Academy Sciences, 7, Sh. Podbel'skogo, Pushkin, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Mar 22;11(3):911. doi: 10.3390/ani11030911.
The reindeer ( L.) is a unique animal inhabitant of arctic regions. Low ambient temperatures and scant diets (primarily, lichens) have resulted in different evolutional adaptations, including the composition of the ruminal microbiota. In the study presented here, the effects of seasonal and regional aspects of the composition of the ruminal microbiota in reindeer (Nenets breed, 38 animals) were studied (wooded tundra from the Yamalo-Nenetski Autonomous District (YNAD) vs. from the Nenetski Autonomous District (NAD)). The ruminal content of calves ( = 12) and adult animals ( = 26, 15 males and 11 females) was sampled in the summer ( = 16) and winter seasons ( = 22). The composition of the ruminal microbial population was determined by the V3-V4 16S rRNA gene region sequencing. It was found that the population was dominated by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla, followed by and . An analysis of the community using non-metric multidimensional scaling and Bray-Curtis similarity metrics provided evidence that the most influential factors affecting the composition of ruminal microbiota are the region ( = 0.001) and season ( = 0.001); heat map analysis revealed several communities that are strongly affected by these two factors. In the summer season, the following communities were significantly larger compared to in the winter season: , , and . The following communities were significantly larger in the winter season compared to in summer: , spp., spp., spp., spp., and spp. In NAD (tundra), the following communities were significantly larger in comparison to YNAD (wooded tundra): (Verruco-5), , PeHg47 , cellulolytic , and spp. The following bacterial groups were significantly larger in YNAD in comparison to NAD: cellulolytic , , , and spp. The significant differences in the ruminal microbial population were primarily related to the ingredients of diets, affected by region and season. The summer-related increases in the communities of certain pathogens (, spp., ) were found. Regional differences were primarily related to the ratio of the species involved in ruminal cellulose degradation and ruminal fatty acids metabolism; these differences reflect the regional dissimilarities in botanical diet ingredients.
驯鹿（L.）是北极地区特有的动物居民。环境温度低和食物匮乏（主要是地衣）导致了不同的进化适应，包括瘤胃微生物群的组成。在本研究中，研究了驯鹿（涅涅茨品种，38只动物）瘤胃微生物群组成的季节性和区域性影响（亚马尔-涅涅茨自治区（YNAD）的树木繁茂的冻原与涅涅茨自治区（NAD）的冻原）。在夏季（n = 16）和冬季（n = 22）采集了犊牛（n = 12）和成年动物（n = 26，15只雄性和11只雌性）的瘤胃内容物。通过V3-V4 16S rRNA基因区域测序确定瘤胃微生物种群的组成。发现该种群以拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门为主，其次是和。使用非度量多维尺度分析和布雷-柯蒂斯相似性度量对群落进行分析，结果表明影响瘤胃微生物群组成的最主要因素是区域（P = 0.001）和季节（P = 0.001）；热图分析揭示了几个受这两个因素强烈影响的群落。在夏季，与冬季相比，以下群落明显更大：、和。与夏季相比，冬季以下群落明显更大：、 spp.、 spp.、 spp.、 spp.和 spp.。在NAD（冻原）中，与YNAD（树木繁茂的冻原）相比，以下群落明显更大：（Verruco-5）、、PeHg47、纤维素分解菌和 spp.。与NAD相比，YNAD中以下细菌类群明显更大：纤维素分解菌、、和 spp.。瘤胃微生物种群的显著差异主要与受区域和季节影响的饮食成分有关。发现某些病原体（、 spp.、）的群落与夏季相关的增加。区域差异主要与瘤胃纤维素降解和瘤胃脂肪酸代谢中涉及的物种比例有关；这些差异反映了植物性饮食成分的区域差异。
