Department of Economics, Hitit University, Akkent 3th Street number:3 Box, 19030, Çorum, Turkey.
Department of Economics, Pamukkale University, Kınıklı Campus, Box, 20070, Denizli, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Aug;28(31):42325-42338. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13722-y. Epub 2021 Apr 3.
This study intends to consider the link among carbon dioxide (CO) emissions, real GDP, energy usage, trade, financial development, and construction sector activities in Turkey within the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework by employing an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test procedure. The analysis includes the period of 1970-2015 in keeping with available data. The findings of the study show that an increase in construction sector activities plays a positive role in CO emissions. The results also argue that CO emissions have risen statistically significantly with real GDP and energy usage increases. Furthermore, trade openness positively contributes to carbon emissions, while financial development does not explain environmental pollution in the long term. The study also reveals that the EKC hypothesis holds for Turkey both in the long term and short term. The long-run findings of the study are supported through robustness analysis by applying the dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), the fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), and the canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) methods. The study suggests that the government should take action against environmental deterioration with efficient policies that save energy and reduce emissions regarding the construction and residential sectors' activities, such as providing financial support and tax cuts for relevant companies.
本研究旨在在环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）框架内，通过自回归分布滞后（ARDL）边界检验程序，考虑二氧化碳（CO）排放、实际 GDP、能源使用、贸易、金融发展与土耳其建筑部门活动之间的联系。分析包括了根据现有数据可得的 1970 年至 2015 年期间。研究结果表明，建筑部门活动的增加对 CO 排放起到了积极的作用。结果还表明，CO 排放随着实际 GDP 和能源使用的增加而呈统计显著上升。此外，贸易开放度对碳排放有积极的贡献，而金融发展在长期内并不能解释环境污染。研究还表明，EKC 假设在土耳其既适用于长期也适用于短期。通过应用动态普通最小二乘法（DOLS）、完全修正普通最小二乘法（FMOLS）和典型协整回归（CCR）方法进行稳健性分析，支持了该研究的长期发现。研究建议政府应针对建筑和住宅部门活动采取节约能源和减少排放的有效政策，以应对环境恶化问题，例如为相关公司提供财政支持和减税。
