Agarwal Tarun, Banerjee Dishary, Konwarh Rocktotpal, Esworthy Timothy, Kumari Jyoti, Onesto Valentina, Das Prativa, Lee Bae Hoon, Wagener Frank A D T G, Makvandi Pooyan, Mattoli Virgilio, Ghosh Sudip Kumar, Maiti Tapas Kumar, Zhang Lijie Grace, Ozbolat Ibrahim T
Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2021 Apr;123:112013. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112013. Epub 2021 Mar 5.
In the sphere of liver tissue engineering (LTE), 3D bioprinting has emerged as an effective technology to mimic the complex in vivo hepatic microenvironment, enabling the development of functional 3D constructs with potential application in the healthcare and diagnostic sector. This review gears off with a note on the liver's microscopic 3D architecture and pathologies linked to liver injury. The write-up is then directed towards unmasking recent advancements and prospects of bioprinting for recapitulating 3D hepatic structure and function. The article further introduces available stem cell opportunities and different strategies for their directed differentiation towards various hepatic stem cell types, including hepatocytes, hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, stellate cells, and Kupffer cells. Another thrust of the article is on understanding the dynamic interplay of different hepatic cells with various microenvironmental cues, which is crucial for controlling differentiation, maturation, and maintenance of functional hepatic cell phenotype. On a concluding note, various critical issues and future research direction towards clinical translation of bioprinted hepatic constructs are discussed.
在肝组织工程（LTE）领域，3D生物打印已成为一种有效的技术，可模拟复杂的体内肝脏微环境，从而开发出具有功能的3D构建体，在医疗保健和诊断领域具有潜在应用价值。本综述首先介绍肝脏的微观3D结构以及与肝损伤相关的病理情况。接着，文章着眼于揭示生物打印在重现3D肝脏结构和功能方面的最新进展和前景。文章还介绍了可用的干细胞机会以及将其定向分化为各种肝干细胞类型（包括肝细胞、肝窦内皮细胞、星状细胞和库普弗细胞）的不同策略。文章的另一个重点是理解不同肝细胞与各种微环境信号之间的动态相互作用，这对于控制功能性肝细胞表型的分化、成熟和维持至关重要。最后，讨论了生物打印肝脏构建体临床转化面临的各种关键问题和未来研究方向。
