Malla Rama Rao, Farran Batoul, Nagaraju Ganji Purnachandra
Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 530045, AP, India.
Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
World J Biol Chem. 2021 Mar 27;12(2):15-37. doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v12.i2.15.
The pathology and physiology of breast cancer (BC), including metastasis, and drug resistance, is driven by multiple signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which hamper antitumor immunity. Recently, long non-coding RNAs have been reported to mediate pathophysiological develop-ments such as metastasis as well as immune suppression within the TME. Given the complex biology of BC, novel personalized therapeutic strategies that address its diverse pathophysiologies are needed to improve clinical outcomes. In this review, we describe the advances in the biology of breast neoplasia, including cellular and molecular biology, heterogeneity, and TME. We review the role of novel molecules such as long non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of BC. Finally, we provide an up-to-date overview of anticancer compounds extracted from marine microorganisms, crustaceans, and fishes and their synergistic effects in combination with other anticancer drugs. Marine compounds are a new discipline of research in BC and offer a wide range of anti-cancer effects that could be harnessed to target the various pathways involved in BC development, thus assisting current therapeutic regimens.
乳腺癌（BC）的病理生理学，包括转移和耐药性，是由肿瘤微环境（TME）中的多种信号通路驱动的，这些信号通路会阻碍抗肿瘤免疫。最近，有报道称长链非编码RNA可介导诸如转移以及TME内免疫抑制等病理生理发展过程。鉴于BC复杂的生物学特性，需要新的个性化治疗策略来应对其多样的病理生理学情况，以改善临床结果。在本综述中，我们描述了乳腺肿瘤生物学的进展，包括细胞和分子生物学、异质性以及TME。我们回顾了长链非编码RNA等新分子在BC病理生理学中的作用。最后，我们提供了从海洋微生物、甲壳类动物和鱼类中提取的抗癌化合物及其与其他抗癌药物联合使用时的协同作用的最新概述。海洋化合物是BC研究中的一个新领域，具有广泛的抗癌作用，可用于靶向参与BC发展的各种途径，从而辅助当前的治疗方案。
