Hussain Muneer, Iltaf Samar, Salman Salma, Ghuman Faiza, Abbas Saira, Fatima Meraj
Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK.
Neurology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK.
Cureus. 2021 Feb 25;13(2):e13546. doi: 10.7759/cureus.13546.
Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious and pandemic disease with a variable mode of action. Patients with underlying illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, and other diseases are more prone to infection. An understanding of the different comorbidities that place patients at the highest risk of COVID-19 pneumonia and other fatal complications associated with COVID-19 is necessary for healthcare professionals. This study aimed to determine the frequency of different comorbid illnesses among COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology All patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who required admission for the care of their symptoms were included in this observational, cross-sectional study conducted from May 1 to July 30, 2020. The patients were treated at a specialized COVID-19 isolation ward built at the Dow University of Health Sciences at the Ojha campus. The patients were referred from the emergency department, medical and allied wards, and COVID-19 screening units. A detailed history and clinical examination were performed, and comorbidities were evaluated. Results A total of 212 patients were admitted during the study with a mean age of 52 ± 16 years. The study population consisted of 120 (56.6%) males and 92 (43.39%) females, and the most common comorbidities were uncontrolled diabetes with hypertension (n = 56; 26.4%), controlled diabetes (n = 22; 10.37%), obstructive airway disease (n = 16; 7.5%), and interstitial lung disease (n = 14; 6.6%). A total of 48 (22.64%) patients had no comorbidities. Conclusions Most COVID-19-positive patients with pneumonia were male, and common comorbidities included uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, and obstructive and restrictive lung disease. The presence of comorbidities was associated with a marked increase in the risk of morbidity and mortality. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
背景 2019 新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是一种具有高度传染性的大流行病，其作用方式多样。患有糖尿病、高血压等基础疾病的患者更容易感染。对于医护人员来说，了解使患者面临 COVID-19 肺炎及其他与 COVID-19 相关的致命并发症最高风险的不同合并症是必要的。本研究旨在确定巴基斯坦卡拉奇一家三级护理医院收治的 COVID-19 患者中不同合并症的发生频率。方法 本观察性横断面研究纳入了所有 2020 年 5 月 1 日至 7 月 30 日期间因症状需要住院治疗的 COVID-19 确诊患者。患者在奥贾校区道健康科学大学新建的专门 COVID-19 隔离病房接受治疗。患者来自急诊科、内科及相关病房以及 COVID-19 筛查单位。进行了详细的病史询问和临床检查，并对合并症进行了评估。结果 研究期间共收治 212 例患者，平均年龄为 52±16 岁。研究人群包括 120 名（56.6%）男性和 92 名（43.39%）女性，最常见的合并症是未控制的糖尿病合并高血压（n = 56；26.4%）、控制良好的糖尿病（n = 22；10.37%）、阻塞性气道疾病（n = 16；7.5%）和间质性肺疾病（n = 14；6.6%）。共有 48 例（22.64%）患者无合并症。结论 大多数 COVID-19 肺炎阳性患者为男性，常见合并症包括未控制的糖尿病、高血压以及阻塞性和限制性肺病。合并症的存在与发病和死亡风险显著增加相关。有必要进行进一步研究以证实这些发现。
