足球俱乐部工作人员对跨性别运动员的了解和经验：一项横断面问卷调查设计。
Knowledge of and experience with transgender players among soccer team staff: a cross-sectional questionnaire design.
机构信息
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Graduate School of Global and Transdisciplinary Studies, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
出版信息
Phys Sportsmed. 2022 Jun;50(3):244-250. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2021.1911569. Epub 2021 Jun 28.
OBJECTIVES
Transgender issues have become increasingly prominent in sports. However, knowledge of and experience with supporting transgender players across soccer team staff remain unclear. The objectives of this questionnaire-based study were to 1) clarify staff knowledge of transgender-related terminology; and 2) explore soccer team staff's awareness and experience with supporting transgender players.
METHODS
A questionnaire was distributed to coaches, physicians, and physical trainers affiliated with soccer teams between 2018 and 2019 to capture 1) participant characteristics (e.g. gender, age, certified license, team categories); 2) their understanding of transgender-related terms, including lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) and of the IOC Consensus Meeting on Sex Reassignment and Hyperandrogenism in 2015; 3) their awareness of transgender players; and 4) their experience supporting transgender players. Participants were categorized by age, gender, profession, qualifications, and category of involvement; their understanding and experience were investigated statistically using univariate and multivariate analysis.
RESULTS
The 478 respondents included 30 women and 448 men with a mean age of 38 ± 10 years. Of these, 83% understood the term transgender, 75% understood the term LGBT, while only 7% were familiar with the 2015 IOC Consensus Meeting. Physicians reflected more knowledge than coaches and physical trainers (p < 0.01). Altogether, 15% had identified transgender players and 1% had experience supporting them. Respondents with certified licenses who worked with women's teams were more likely to recognize transgender players (p < 0.01). Four participants (1%) had witnessed transgender players receiving transgender hormone therapy.
CONCLUSION
Although most soccer support staff were familiar with transgender terms, many did not have sufficient knowledge of or experience with transgender athletes.
目的
跨性别问题在体育运动中日益突出。然而，对于整个足球队工作人员来说，他们对支持跨性别运动员的了解和经验仍不清楚。本基于问卷调查的研究旨在：1）阐明工作人员对与跨性别相关的术语的了解；2）探讨足球队工作人员对支持跨性别运动员的认识和经验。
方法
2018 年至 2019 年期间，向与足球队相关的教练、医生和体能教练分发了问卷，以获取：1）参与者特征（例如，性别、年龄、认证执照、团队类别）；2）他们对与跨性别相关的术语的理解，包括女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和跨性别者（LGBT）以及 2015 年国际奥委会关于性别重置和高雄性激素血症的共识会议；3）他们对跨性别运动员的认识；4）他们支持跨性别运动员的经验。参与者按年龄、性别、职业、资质和参与类别进行分类；使用单变量和多变量分析对他们的理解和经验进行统计调查。
结果
478 名受访者中包括 30 名女性和 448 名男性，平均年龄为 38±10 岁。其中，83%的人理解跨性别术语，75%的人理解 LGBT 术语，而只有 7%的人熟悉 2015 年国际奥委会共识会议。医生比教练和体能教练表现出更多的了解（p<0.01）。共有 15%的人已经确定了跨性别运动员，1%的人有过支持他们的经验。具有认证执照且与女子团队合作的受访者更有可能识别跨性别运动员（p<0.01）。有 4 名参与者（1%）曾目睹跨性别运动员接受跨性别激素治疗。
结论
尽管大多数足球支持人员熟悉跨性别术语，但他们对跨性别运动员的了解和经验并不充足。
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