Department of Psychology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Ann Behav Med. 2021 Nov 18;55(12):1231-1240. doi: 10.1093/abm/kaab018.
Sleep is a robust determinant of next-day emotions, but people vary in the extent that their emotions fluctuate on days following short sleep duration. These individual differences in day-to-day sleep and emotion dynamics may have long-term health implications.
To evaluate emotional vulnerability to short sleep (within-person associations between sleep duration and next-day emotions) as a risk factor for future chronic conditions.
Adults aged 33-84 (N = 1,426; 57% female) in the Midlife in the United States Study reported sleep duration and emotions by telephone for eight consecutive days. Chronic conditions were assessed via checklist at baseline and at a median follow-up of eight years (range: 5-10 years). Short sleep was examined in three ways: person-centered continuous variable, ≤6 hr, and <7 hr; long sleep was defined as ≥9 hr.
Multilevel structural equation models revealed that people with greater negative emotions following nights of sleep ≤6 hr (vs. their negative emotions after longer sleep) had increased chronic conditions at follow-up, compared to people who were less emotionally vulnerable to short sleep (Est. = 1.04, SE = .51, p < .028). Smaller declines in positive emotions following ≤6 hr of sleep were marginally predictive of lower risk for chronic conditions (Est. = -.77, SE = .44, p = .054). Emotional vulnerability to <7, ≥9, and continuous sleep hours were not associated with subsequent chronic conditions.
Emotional vulnerability to short sleep is a unique risk factor for the development of chronic conditions, independent of mean-level sleep duration and emotions.
睡眠是影响次日情绪的一个重要因素，但人们在睡眠不足时情绪波动的程度存在差异。这种日常睡眠和情绪动态的个体差异可能对长期健康有影响。
评估对短期睡眠的情绪脆弱性（即睡眠持续时间与次日情绪之间的个体内关联）是否是未来慢性疾病的一个风险因素。
美国中年生活研究中的成年人（N=1426；57%为女性）在连续 8 天通过电话报告睡眠持续时间和情绪。在基线和中位随访 8 年（范围为 5-10 年）时通过清单评估慢性疾病。短期睡眠以三种方式进行检查：个体中心连续变量、≤6 小时和<7 小时；长睡眠定义为≥9 小时。
多层次结构方程模型显示，与情绪不易受短期睡眠影响的人相比，那些在睡眠≤6 小时的夜晚后情绪更为消极的人（与更长睡眠后的情绪相比）在随访时患有更多的慢性疾病（估计值=1.04，SE=0.51，p<0.028）。在睡眠≤6 小时后积极情绪下降较小与慢性疾病风险降低呈边缘相关（估计值=-.77，SE=0.44，p=0.054）。对<7、≥9 和连续睡眠时间的情绪脆弱性与随后的慢性疾病无关。
对短期睡眠的情绪脆弱性是慢性疾病发展的一个独特风险因素，独立于平均睡眠时长和情绪。
