Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States.
Algenesis Materials Inc., 1238 Sea Village Drive, Cardiff, California 92007, United States.
Biomacromolecules. 2021 May 10;22(5):1770-1794. doi: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01610. Epub 2021 Apr 6.
Due to the depletion of fossil fuels, higher oil prices, and greenhouse gas emissions, the scientific community has been conducting an ongoing search for viable renewable alternatives to petroleum-based products, with the anticipation of increased adaptation in the coming years. New academic and industrial developments have encouraged the utilization of renewable resources for the development of ecofriendly and sustainable materials, and here, we focus on those advances that impact polyurethane (PU) materials. Vegetable oils, algae oils, and polysaccharides are included among the major renewable resources that have supported the development of sustainable PU precursors to date. Renewable feedstocks such as algae have the benefit of requiring only sunshine, carbon dioxide, and trace minerals to generate a sustainable biomass source, offering an improved carbon footprint to lessen environmental impacts. Incorporation of renewable content into commercially viable polymer materials, particularly PUs, has increasing and realistic potential. Biobased polyols can currently be purchased, and the potential to expand into new monomers offers exciting possibilities for new product development. This Review highlights the latest developments in PU chemistry from renewable raw materials, as well as the various biological precursors being employed in the synthesis of thermoset and thermoplastic PUs. We also provide an overview of literature reports that focus on biobased polyols and isocyanates, the two major precursors to PUs.
由于化石燃料的枯竭、高油价和温室气体排放，科学界一直在寻找可行的可再生替代石油产品，预计未来几年会有更多的适应措施。新的学术和工业发展鼓励利用可再生资源来开发环保和可持续的材料，在这里，我们重点介绍那些影响聚氨酯（PU）材料的进展。植物油、藻类油和多糖是主要的可再生资源之一，迄今为止，它们为可持续的 PU 前体的发展提供了支持。藻类等可再生原料的好处是只需要阳光、二氧化碳和痕量矿物质就能产生可持续的生物质源，为减轻环境影响提供了更好的碳足迹。将可再生成分纳入商业可行的聚合物材料中，特别是 PUs，具有越来越大的现实潜力。目前可以购买生物基多元醇，而扩展到新单体的潜力为新产品开发提供了令人兴奋的可能性。这篇综述强调了从可再生原料开发 PU 化学的最新进展，以及在热固性和热塑性 PU 合成中使用的各种生物前体。我们还概述了专注于生物基多元醇和异氰酸酯的文献报告，这是 PU 的两个主要前体。
