Dairy Microbiology Department, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hisar, India.
Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Deemed University, Karnal, India.
Crit Rev Microbiol. 2021 Aug;47(4):479-498. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2021.1902940. Epub 2021 Apr 6.
Second brain, forgotten organ, individual's identity card, and host's fingerprint are the few collective terms that are often used to describe the gut microbiome because of its variability, accountability, and its role in deciding the host's health. Also, the understanding of this host health-gut microbiota relationship can create an opportunity to control an individual's health by manipulating the gut microbiota composition. Several approaches like administration of probiotic, prebiotics, synbiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation have been tried to mitigate the dysbiosis originated ill effects. But the effects of these approaches are highly generic and non-specific. This creates the necessity to design personalized medicine that focuses on treatment of specific disease considering the individual specific gut microbiome. The health promoting commensals could be the new promising prophylactic and therapeutic agents for designing personalized medicine. These commensals are designated as next-generation probiotics (NGPs) and their unusual characteristics, unknown identity and special growth requirements have presented difficulties for researcher, industrial exploitation, and regulatory agencies. In this perspective, this review discusses the concept of NGPs, NGP candidates as tool for designing personalized medicine, designer probiotics as NGPs, required regulatory framework, and propose a road map to develop the NGP based product.
第二大脑、遗忘器官、个体身份证、宿主指纹是几个常用来描述肠道微生物组的术语，因为它具有变异性、可追溯性，以及在决定宿主健康方面的作用。此外，对这种宿主健康-肠道微生物组关系的理解为通过操纵肠道微生物组组成来控制个体健康提供了机会。已经尝试了几种方法，如益生菌、益生元、合生元、粪便微生物群移植，以减轻由菌群失调引起的不良影响。但这些方法的效果非常普遍和非特异性。这就需要设计个性化药物，根据个体特定的肠道微生物组来治疗特定疾病。促进健康的共生菌可能是设计个性化药物的新有前途的预防性和治疗性药物。这些共生菌被指定为下一代益生菌 (NGP)，它们不寻常的特征、未知的身份和特殊的生长要求给研究人员、工业开发和监管机构带来了困难。在这方面，本综述讨论了 NGP 的概念、作为设计个性化药物工具的 NGP 候选物、作为 NGP 的设计益生菌、所需的监管框架，并提出了开发基于 NGP 的产品的路线图。
