免疫检查点抑制剂在癌症治疗中的应用。
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Cancer.
机构信息
Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Wadi International University, Homs, Syrian Arab Republic.
Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tartous University, Tartous, Syrian Arab Republic.
出版信息
Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol. 2022;17(2):103-113. doi: 10.2174/1574884716666210325095022.
BACKGROUND
Immunotherapy drugs, known as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), work by blocking checkpoint proteins from binding with their partner proteins. The two main pathways that are specifically targeted in clinical practice are cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA- 4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) that showed potent immune-modulatory effects through their function as negative regulators of T cell activation.
METHODS
In view of the rapid and extensive development of this research field, we conducted a comprehensive review of the literature and updated on the use of CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 targeted therapy in the treatment of several types of cancer, including melanoma, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, cervical cancer, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
RESULTS
Based on the last updated list released on March 2019, seven ICIs are approved by the FDA, including ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and cemiplimab.
CONCLUSION
This review highlighted the most common adverse effects caused by ICIs which affect people in different ways.
背景
免疫疗法药物，也被称为免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs），通过阻止检查点蛋白与其配对蛋白结合来发挥作用。在临床实践中，有两个主要途径被特别针对，即细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞相关抗原 4（CTLA-4）和程序性细胞死亡蛋白 1（PD-1），它们通过作为 T 细胞激活的负调节剂的功能，显示出强大的免疫调节作用。
方法
鉴于该研究领域的快速广泛发展，我们对文献进行了全面综述，并更新了 CTLA-4、PD-1 和 PD-L1 靶向治疗在多种癌症治疗中的应用，包括黑色素瘤、非小细胞肺癌、乳腺癌、肝癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤、宫颈癌和头颈部鳞状细胞癌。
结果
根据 2019 年 3 月发布的最新批准药物清单，有七种 ICIs 获得了 FDA 的批准，包括伊匹单抗、帕博利珠单抗、纳武利尤单抗、阿替利珠单抗、avelumab、度伐利尤单抗和西米普利单抗。
结论
本综述强调了 ICIs 引起的最常见的不良反应，这些不良反应以不同的方式影响着人们。
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