Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
Bioconjug Chem. 2021 Apr 21;32(4):639-648. doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00088. Epub 2021 Apr 7.
Genome editing technology commenced in 1996 with the discovery of the first zinc-finger nuclease. Application of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology to genome editing of mammalian cells allowed researchers to use genome editing more easily and cost-effectively. However, one of the technological problems that remains to be solved is "off-target effects", which are unexpected mutations in nontarget DNA. One significant improvement in genome editing technology has been achieved with molecular/protein engineering. The key to this engineering is a "switch" to control function. In this review, we discuss recent efforts to design novel "switching" systems for precise editing using genome editing tools.
基因组编辑技术始于 1996 年，当时发现了第一种锌指核酸酶。应用规律成簇间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）相关蛋白 9（Cas9）技术对哺乳动物细胞的基因组进行编辑，使得研究人员能够更轻松、更具成本效益地进行基因组编辑。然而，仍然需要解决的技术问题之一是“脱靶效应”，即非靶标 DNA 的意外突变。通过分子/蛋白质工程，基因组编辑技术取得了一项重大进展。该工程的关键是控制功能的“开关”。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了使用基因组编辑工具设计新型精确编辑“开关”系统的最新进展。
