Pineda Paulene S, Flores Ester B, Herrera Jesus Rommel V, Low Wai Yee
Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Genepool, Science City of Muñoz, Philippines.
Philippine Carabao Center at University of the Philippines - Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
Front Genet. 2021 Mar 22;12:629861. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.629861. eCollection 2021.
The swamp buffalo is a domesticated animal commonly found in Southeast Asia. It is a highly valued agricultural animal for smallholders, but the production of this species has unfortunately declined in recent decades due to rising farm mechanization. While swamp buffalo still plays a role in farmland cultivation, this species' purposes has shifted from draft power to meat, milk, and hide production. The current status of swamp buffaloes in Southeast Asia is still understudied compared to its counterparts such as the riverine buffaloes and cattle. This review discusses the background of swamp buffalo, with an emphasis on recent work on this species in Southeast Asia, and associated genetics and genomics work such as cytogenetic studies, phylogeny, domestication and migration, genetic sequences and resources. Recent challenges to realize the potential of this species in the agriculture industry are also discussed. Limited genetic resource for swamp buffalo has called for more genomics work to be done on this species including decoding its genome. As the economy progresses and farm mechanization increases, research and development for swamp buffaloes are focused on enhancing its productivity through understanding the genetics of agriculturally important traits. The use of genomic markers is a powerful tool to efficiently utilize the potential of this animal for food security and animal conservation. Understanding its genetics and retaining and maximizing its adaptability to harsher environments are a strategic move for food security in poorer nations in Southeast Asia in the face of climate change.
沼泽水牛是一种常见于东南亚的家畜。它是小农高度重视的农业用畜，但由于农场机械化程度提高，该物种的产量在近几十年中不幸下降。虽然沼泽水牛在农田耕作中仍发挥着作用，但其用途已从役力转变为肉、奶和皮革生产。与河流型水牛和牛等同类动物相比，东南亚沼泽水牛的现状仍未得到充分研究。本综述讨论了沼泽水牛的背景，重点介绍了东南亚对该物种的最新研究，以及相关的遗传学和基因组学研究，如细胞遗传学研究、系统发育、驯化和迁移、基因序列和资源。还讨论了实现该物种在农业产业中潜力的近期挑战。沼泽水牛有限的遗传资源要求对该物种开展更多的基因组学研究，包括解码其基因组。随着经济发展和农场机械化程度提高，沼泽水牛的研发工作重点是通过了解重要农业性状的遗传学来提高其生产力。使用基因组标记是有效利用这种动物潜力以实现粮食安全和动物保护的有力工具。面对气候变化，了解其遗传学并保持和最大化其对更恶劣环境的适应性，是东南亚较贫穷国家实现粮食安全的战略举措。
