Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
Boston Center for AIDS Research, Providence, RI, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2022 Aug;37(15-16):NP13425-NP13445. doi: 10.1177/08862605211005158. Epub 2021 Apr 8.
South Africa has some of the highest rates of intimate partner and sexual violence globally, with prevalence ranging from 10% to 21% among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). Yet, few studies characterize the relationship between violence and resilience. Identifying factors associated with resilience following exposure to violence can guide the development of strength-based interventions that change modifiable protective factors to bolster resilience. Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey of AGYW aged 15 to 24 years in South Africa that took place from 2017 to 2018. This survey was part of a national evaluation of a South African combination HIV intervention for AGYW funded by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria. A sample of 4,399 observations was achieved through a systematic random sampling frame of 35% of households in districts where AGYW were at highest risk for HIV, and where the intervention was implemented. Resilience was assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Intimate partner and sexual violence were assessed using: (a) an adapted version of a questionnaire from the World Health Organization's 2005 multicountry study on domestic violence against women, and (b) questions on lifetime experience of forced sex/rape. Nearly a third of AGYW (29.6%) reported intimate partner emotional and/or physical and/or sexual violence in the past year. Nearly a quarter of AGYW (23.74%) reported emotional violence, 17.48% reported physical violence, and 6.37% reported sexual violence from intimate partners. Nearly 8% (7.72%) reported forced sex/rape from intimate partners and/or nonpartners. More equitable gender norms, higher social support, and hazardous drinking were positively associated with higher resilience among those who experienced physical or sexual violence. This study addresses a gap in the resilience and violence literature. Future research should focus on the development of resilience-promoting interventions for individuals who have experienced violence.
南非是全球亲密伴侣暴力和性暴力发生率最高的国家之一，青少年女孩和年轻妇女（AGYW）中这两种暴力的发生率在 10%至 21%之间。然而，很少有研究描述暴力与韧性之间的关系。确定与暴力接触后韧性相关的因素可以指导基于优势的干预措施的制定，这些干预措施可以改变可改变的保护因素，增强韧性。数据来自于 2017 年至 2018 年期间在南非进行的一项针对 15 至 24 岁 AGYW 的横断面调查。这项调查是全球抗击艾滋病、结核病和疟疾基金资助的南非针对 AGYW 的艾滋病毒综合干预措施的国家评估的一部分。通过对在艾滋病毒感染风险最高的地区和实施干预措施的地区的 35%的家庭进行系统随机抽样，获得了 4399 个观察结果的样本。使用 Connor-Davidson 韧性量表评估韧性。亲密伴侣暴力和性暴力使用以下方法进行评估：（a）世界卫生组织 2005 年多国家家庭暴力问题调查的问卷改编版，以及（b）关于一生中经历过的强迫性行为/强奸的问题。近三分之一的 AGYW（29.6%）报告在过去一年中经历过亲密伴侣的情感和/或身体和/或性暴力。近四分之一的 AGYW（23.74%）报告遭受情感暴力，17.48%报告遭受身体暴力，6.37%报告遭受亲密伴侣的性暴力。近 8%（7.72%）报告遭受亲密伴侣和/或非伴侣的强迫性行为/强奸。性别平等规范更公平、社会支持度更高、以及危险饮酒与经历过身体或性暴力的人更高的韧性呈正相关。这项研究填补了韧性和暴力文献中的一个空白。未来的研究应侧重于为经历过暴力的个人制定促进韧性的干预措施。
