Martin-Sanchez Pedro M, Estensmo Eva-Lena F, Morgado Luis N, Maurice Sundy, Engh Ingeborg B, Skrede Inger, Kauserud Håvard
Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology (Evogene), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Mol Ecol. 2021 Jun;30(11):2689-2705. doi: 10.1111/mec.15916. Epub 2021 May 7.
In the built environment, fungi can cause important deterioration of building materials and have adverse health effects on occupants. Increased knowledge about indoor mycobiomes from different regions of the world, and their main environmental determinants, will enable improved indoor air quality management and identification of health risks. This is the first citizen science study of indoor mycobiomes at a large geographical scale in Europe, including 271 houses from Norway and 807 dust samples from three house compartments: outside of the building, living room and bathroom. The fungal community composition determined by DNA metabarcoding was clearly different between indoor and outdoor samples, but there were no significant differences between the two indoor compartments. The 32 selected variables, related to the outdoor environment, building features and occupant characteristics, accounted for 15% of the overall variation in community composition, with the house compartment as the key factor (7.6%). Next, climate was the main driver of the dust mycobiomes (4.2%), while building and occupant variables had significant but minor influences (1.4% and 1.1%, respectively). The house-dust mycobiomes were dominated by ascomycetes (⁓70%) with Capnodiales and Eurotiales as the most abundant orders. Compared to the outdoor samples, the indoor mycobiomes showed higher species richness, which is probably due to the mixture of fungi from outdoor and indoor sources. The main indoor indicator fungi belonged to two ecological groups with allergenic potential: xerophilic moulds and skin-associated yeasts. Our results suggest that citizen science is a successful approach for unravelling the built microbiome at large geographical scales.
在建筑环境中，真菌会导致建筑材料严重损坏，并对居住者的健康产生不利影响。对来自世界不同地区的室内真菌群落及其主要环境决定因素的了解不断增加，将有助于改善室内空气质量管理并识别健康风险。这是欧洲首次在大地理范围内对室内真菌群落进行的公民科学研究，包括来自挪威的271所房屋以及来自三个房屋区域（建筑物外部、客厅和浴室）的807份灰尘样本。通过DNA宏条形码技术确定的真菌群落组成在室内和室外样本之间明显不同，但两个室内区域之间没有显著差异。与室外环境、建筑特征和居住者特征相关的32个选定变量，占群落组成总体变异的15%，其中房屋区域是关键因素（7.6%）。其次，气候是灰尘真菌群落的主要驱动因素（4.2%），而建筑和居住者变量有显著但较小的影响（分别为1.4%和1.1%）。房屋灰尘真菌群落以子囊菌为主（约70%），其中小煤炱目和散囊菌目最为丰富。与室外样本相比，室内真菌群落显示出更高的物种丰富度，这可能是由于室外和室内来源的真菌混合所致。主要的室内指示真菌属于两个具有致敏潜力的生态组：嗜干霉菌和与皮肤相关的酵母菌。我们的结果表明，公民科学是在大地理尺度上揭示建筑微生物群落的一种成功方法。
