Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Future Earth and Ecosystems Services Research Group, Doornfontein Campus, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Gipsa-Lab, CNRS, Inria, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
PLoS One. 2021 Apr 8;16(4):e0249014. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249014. eCollection 2021.
In most developing countries, formal and informal transportation schemes coexist without effective and smart integration. In this paper, the authors show how to leverage opportunities offered by formal and informal transportation schemes to build an integrated multi-modal network. Precisely, the authors consider integration of rickshaws to a bus-train network, by taking into account accessibility and societal constraints. By modelling the respective networks with weighted graphs, a graph augmentation problem is solved with respect to a composite cost taking into account constraints on the use of rickshaws. The solution, is based on finding a minimum cost spanning tree of a merged graph. The method is applied in the South African context, in the city of Johannesburg where rickshaws are not yet a significant part of the transportation system. The implications of the study reveal that using non-motorised transportation services is a viable option of improving mobility in the city. The composite cost introduced herein could be used for new routing algorithm including societal, environmental, architectural contexts and commuter experiences through rating.
在大多数发展中国家，正规和非正规交通方案并存，但缺乏有效的智能整合。本文作者展示了如何利用正规和非正规交通方案提供的机会来构建一个综合的多模式网络。具体而言，作者考虑了在考虑可达性和社会约束的情况下，将人力车纳入公共汽车-火车网络。通过使用加权图对各个网络进行建模，针对考虑到人力车使用限制的复合成本，解决了一个图扩充问题。解决方案基于找到合并图的最小成本生成树。该方法应用于南非约翰内斯堡市的情况，该市尚未有人力车作为主要交通方式。该研究的结果表明，使用非机动化交通服务是提高城市流动性的可行选择。本文引入的综合成本可用于新的路由算法，包括社会、环境、建筑背景以及通过评级获得的通勤体验。
