Department of Nursing, Dhaulagiri Prabhidhik Shikshya Pratisthan, Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training, Baglung, Nepal.
Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
PLoS One. 2021 Apr 8;16(4):e0247085. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247085. eCollection 2021.
Dietary diversity can play an important role in providing essential nutrients for both mother and fetus during pregnancy. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with dietary diversity during pregnancy in the western hill region of Nepal.
A cross-sectional study of 327 pregnant women was conducted in an urban municipality of Baglung district in the western hill region of Nepal. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on household demographic and socioeconomic status, food taboos, household food security status, nutrition-related knowledge in pregnancy, and women's empowerment. Women consuming ≥5 of 10 food groups in the past 24 hours were defined as consuming a diverse diet using the Minimum Dietary Diversity Score for Women (MDD-W) tool. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate crude odds ratio (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to understand factors associated with dietary diversity.
Almost 45% (95% CI: 39.6-50.4) of the participants did not consume a diverse diet and the mean dietary diversity score was 4.76 ± 1.23. Multivariable analysis revealed that women with greater empowerment (aOR = 4.3, 95% CI: 1.9-9.9), from wealthier households (aOR = 5.1, 95% CI: 2.7-9.3), joint families (aOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4-5.1), employment (aOR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2-4.1), and had adequate nutrition knowledge (aOR: 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.4) had higher odds of dietary diversity.
Along with socioeconomic status, women's empowerment and nutrition knowledge were modifiable risk factors that should be considered as targets for programs to improve women's health during pregnancy.
饮食多样性在为孕妇自身和胎儿提供必要营养方面起着重要作用。本研究旨在评估尼泊尔西部山区孕妇饮食多样性的相关因素。
本研究采用横断面研究，共纳入尼泊尔巴格隆县西部山区一个城市自治市的 327 名孕妇。采用半结构式问卷收集家庭人口统计学和社会经济状况、食物禁忌、家庭粮食安全状况、孕期营养知识和妇女赋权相关信息。采用最小饮食多样性评分工具（MDD-W），将过去 24 小时内食用 10 种食物组中≥5 种的妇女定义为饮食多样。采用二变量和多变量逻辑回归估计粗比值比（cOR）和调整比值比（aOR）及 95%置信区间（CI），以了解与饮食多样性相关的因素。
约 45%（95%CI：39.6-50.4）的参与者未食用多样化饮食，平均饮食多样性评分为 4.76±1.23。多变量分析显示，赋权程度更高（aOR=4.3，95%CI：1.9-9.9）、来自更富裕家庭（aOR=5.1，95%CI：2.7-9.3）、大家庭（aOR=2.7，95%CI：1.4-5.1）、有工作（aOR=2.2，95%CI：1.2-4.1）、营养知识充足（aOR：1.9，95%CI 1.1-3.4）的妇女，饮食多样性的可能性更高。
除社会经济地位外，妇女赋权和营养知识是可改变的危险因素，应将其作为改善孕期妇女健康的项目目标。
