Department of Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2021 Mar;29(1):38-44. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a5913.
Epidemiological data consistently show sustained upward trend in the incidence of cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) estimated that in 2018 more than 18 million people were diagnosed with cancer, and in about 9.6 million cases cancer could be the cause of death. At the same time, an increasing percentage of overweight and obesity is observed in both adults and children. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2016 over 1.9 billion (39% of the population) of adults were overweight, of which over 650 million (13%) were obese. Obesity is closely related to the risk of cancer development. Excessive body weight is considered as a second risk factor for the development of specific cancers after smoking. According to IARC data, high BMI index may be the cause of up to half a million cancer cases per year. In addition, overweight and obesity contribute to increased mortality due to malignancies - it is estimated that they are the cause of death in 20% of women and in 14% of men. Data from the American Cancer Society indicate increased mortality due to pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, multiple myeloma, and Hodgkin's lymphoma in connection with the occurrence of excessive body weight. The study tried to confirm the influence of obesity on the risk of cancer. To achieve this, risk factors such as excessive adipose tissue, chronic inflammation, hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia, sex steroids, and microbiome were taken into account. In addition, the study presents a simple method of estimating the risk quotient of chances of developing malignant tumors in people with excessive body mass and methods of cancer disease prevention. According to the current state of knowledge, the modification of factors significantly affecting the risk of falling ill may contribute to reducing the risk of cancer. In view of the above, the importance of the problem of overweight and obesity in society and their impact on the occurrence of some types of cancer should be emphasized. Thus, the understanding of excessive body weight as a serious health and social problem sets one of the priorities in the area of public health.
流行病学数据显示，癌症的发病率持续呈上升趋势。国际癌症研究机构（IARC）估计，2018 年有超过 1800 万人被诊断患有癌症，其中约 960 万人的癌症是致死原因。与此同时，超重和肥胖在成年人和儿童中的比例都在不断增加。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的数据，2016 年，超过 19 亿（占世界人口的 39%）成年人超重，其中超过 6.5 亿（13%）人肥胖。肥胖与癌症发展风险密切相关。超重被认为是仅次于吸烟的导致特定癌症发展的第二大风险因素。根据 IARC 的数据，高 BMI 指数可能是每年导致多达 50 万例癌症的原因。此外，超重和肥胖会导致恶性肿瘤死亡率上升——据估计，它们是导致 20%的女性和 14%的男性死亡的原因。美国癌症协会的数据表明，与超重有关的胰腺癌、肝癌、多发性骨髓瘤和霍奇金淋巴瘤的死亡率有所上升。该研究试图证实肥胖对癌症风险的影响。为此，研究考虑了过多脂肪组织、慢性炎症、高胰岛素血症和高血糖、性激素和微生物组等危险因素。此外，该研究还提出了一种简单的方法来估计超重人群患恶性肿瘤的风险商数和癌症疾病预防方法。根据目前的知识状况，对显著影响患病风险的因素进行修正，可能有助于降低癌症风险。鉴于此，应强调超重和肥胖在社会中的重要性及其对某些类型癌症发生的影响。因此，将超重视为严重的健康和社会问题之一，是公共卫生领域的优先事项之一。
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