School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, 62 Hillhead Street, Glasgow, G12 8QB, UK.
School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, 62 Hillhead Street, Glasgow, G12 8QB, UK.
Sleep Med. 2021 May;81:430-438. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.02.045. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
There is a pressing need to update sleep models, education and treatment to better reflect the realities of sleep in a 24/7 connected social world. Progress has been limited to date by available measurement tools, which have largely focused on the frequency or duration of individuals' social media use, without capturing crucial sleep-relevant aspects of this inherently social and interactive experience.
Survey data from 3008 adolescents (aged 10-18 years) was used to rigorously develop and validate a new self-report measure that quantifies difficulty disengaging from social media interactions at night: the index of Nighttime Offline Distress (iNOD). Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor analyses in a random split sample produced a ten-item two-factor solution, with subscales capturing concerns about Staying Connected and Following Etiquette (Cronbach's alphas = 0.91 and 0.92 respectively).
Those with higher scores on these subscales tended to report using social media for longer after they felt they should be asleep (r = 0.41 and 0.26, respectively), shorter sleep duration (r = -0.24 and -0.17, respectively) and poorer sleep quality (r = -0.33 and -0.31, respectively). Results also pointed towards a potentially fragmented process of sleep displacement for those who may struggle to disconnect - and to stay disconnected - from social interactions in order to allow sufficient uninterrupted sleep opportunity.
These findings can inform current models for understanding normal and disordered sleep during adolescence, whilst highlighting specific social concerns as important potential targets for sleep education efforts.
迫切需要更新睡眠模型、教育和治疗方法，以更好地反映 24/7 联网社会中睡眠的实际情况。迄今为止，进展一直受到可用测量工具的限制，这些工具主要集中在个体社交媒体使用的频率或时长上，而没有捕捉到这种固有社交和互动体验中与睡眠相关的关键方面。
使用来自 3008 名青少年（年龄 10-18 岁）的调查数据，严格开发和验证了一种新的自我报告工具，该工具可量化夜间难以从社交媒体互动中解脱出来的难度：夜间离线困扰指数（iNOD）。在随机拆分样本中进行的探索性和验证性因素分析得出了一个包含十个项目的两因素解决方案，子量表分别捕捉到与保持联系和遵循礼仪相关的问题（Cronbach's alphas 分别为 0.91 和 0.92）。
这些子量表得分较高的人往往报告说，在他们感到应该入睡后，会更长时间地使用社交媒体（分别为 r = 0.41 和 0.26），睡眠时间更短（分别为 r = -0.24 和 -0.17），睡眠质量更差（分别为 r = -0.33 和 -0.31）。结果还表明，对于那些可能难以断开与社交互动的联系——并保持断开状态——以允许有足够的不间断睡眠机会的人来说，睡眠置换的过程可能会出现碎片化。
这些发现可以为理解青少年时期正常和紊乱睡眠的当前模型提供信息，同时突出显示特定的社会问题作为睡眠教育努力的重要潜在目标。
