Department of Chemical Engineering, Andhra University College of Engineering - AU North Campus, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India.
Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem, India.
Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2021 Dec;41(8):1153-1177. doi: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1901647. Epub 2021 Apr 8.
Colorants find social and commercial applications in cosmetics, food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and other industrial sectors. Among the available options, chemically synthesized colorants are popular due to their low-cost and flexible production modes, but health and environmental concerns have encouraged the valorization of biopigments that are natural and ecofriendly. Among natural biopigment producers, microorganisms are noteworthy for their all-seasonal production of stable and low-cost pigments with high-yield titers. Fungi are paramount sources of natural pigments. They occupy diverse ecological niches with adaptive metabolisms and biocatalytic pathways, making them entities with an industrial interest. Industrially important biopigments like carotenoids, melanins, riboflavins, azaphilones, and quinones produced by filamentous fungi are described within the context of this review. Most recent information about fungal pigment characteristics, biochemical production routes and pathways, potential applications, limitations, and future research perspectives are described.
着色剂在化妆品、食品、制药、纺织品和其他工业领域都有社会和商业应用。在现有选择中，由于其低成本和灵活的生产模式，化学合成着色剂很受欢迎，但健康和环境问题促使人们重视天然环保的生物色素。在天然生物色素生产者中，微生物因其全年生产稳定、低成本、高产量的色素而备受关注。真菌是天然色素的主要来源。它们具有适应性代谢和生物催化途径，占据着多样的生态位，因此具有工业价值。本文综述了丝状真菌产生的类胡萝卜素、黑色素、核黄素、氮杂茂酮和醌等工业上重要的生物色素。描述了真菌色素特性、生物化学生产途径和途径、潜在应用、局限性和未来研究展望的最新信息。
