Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2021;178:155-173. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-821377-3.00008-8.
The term visual agnosia is used to refer to recognition disorders that are confined to the visual modality, that are not due to an impairment in sensory functions, and that cannot be explained by other cognitive deficits or by general reduction in intellectual ability. Here, we describe the different types of visual agnosia that have been reported (form agnosia, integrative agnosia, associative agnosia, transformational and orientation agnosia as well as category-specific impairments such as pure alexia and prosopagnosia) and how they relate to the current understanding of visual object recognition. Together with related disorders such as simultanagnosia, texture agnosia, aphantasia, and optic aphasia, these visual perceptual impairments can have severe consequences for those affected. We suggest how in-depth assessment can be carried out to determine the type and the extent of these impairments. In the context of clinical assessment, a step-by-step approach reflecting a posterior to anterior gradient in visual object recognition, from more perceptual to more memory-related processes, is suggested. Individually tailored interventions targeting the identified impairments can be initiated based on the results of the assessment.
视觉失认症是指仅限于视觉模式的识别障碍，不是由于感觉功能受损，也不能用其他认知缺陷或一般智力能力下降来解释。在这里，我们描述了已报道的不同类型的视觉失认症（形态失认症、综合失认症、联想失认症、转换和定向失认症以及特定类别损伤，如纯失读症和面孔失认症），以及它们与当前对视觉物体识别的理解之间的关系。与同时失认症、纹理失认症、想象缺失症和视失读症等相关障碍一起，这些视觉感知障碍会对受影响的人产生严重后果。我们建议如何进行深入评估，以确定这些损伤的类型和程度。在临床评估的背景下，我们建议采用一种从更具知觉性到更具记忆性的视觉物体识别的后向前梯度的逐步方法。可以根据评估结果针对确定的损伤进行个体化的干预。
