Pranto Tahmid Hasan, Noman Abdulla All, Mahmud Atik, Haque Akm Bahalul
Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
PeerJ Comput Sci. 2021 Mar 31;7:e407. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.407. eCollection 2021.
The agricultural sector is still lagging behind from all other sectors in terms of using the newest technologies. For production, the latest machines are being introduced and adopted. However, pre-harvest and post-harvest processing are still done by following traditional methodologies while tracing, storing, and publishing agricultural data. As a result, farmers are not getting deserved payment, consumers are not getting enough information before buying their product, and intermediate person/processors are increasing retail prices. Using blockchain, smart contracts, and IoT devices, we can fully automate the process while establishing absolute trust among all these parties. In this research, we explored the different aspects of using blockchain and smart contracts with the integration of IoT devices in pre-harvesting and post-harvesting segments of agriculture. We proposed a system that uses blockchain as the backbone while IoT devices collect data from the field level, and smart contracts regulate the interaction among all these contributing parties. The system implementation has been shown in diagrams and with proper explanations. Gas costs of every operation have also been attached for a better understanding of the costs. We also analyzed the system in terms of challenges and advantages. The overall impact of this research was to show the immutable, available, transparent, and robustly secure characteristics of blockchain in the field of agriculture while also emphasizing the vigorous mechanism that the collaboration of blockchain, smart contract, and IoT presents.
在采用最新技术方面，农业部门仍落后于所有其他部门。在生产方面，正在引入并采用最新的机器。然而，在追溯、存储和发布农业数据时，收获前和收获后的加工仍采用传统方法。结果，农民没有得到应有的报酬，消费者在购买产品之前得不到足够的信息，中间商/加工商则提高了零售价格。通过使用区块链、智能合约和物联网设备，我们可以在所有这些参与方之间建立绝对信任的同时，使整个过程完全自动化。在本研究中，我们探讨了在农业收获前和收获后阶段将区块链和智能合约与物联网设备集成使用的不同方面。我们提出了一个以区块链为骨干的系统，物联网设备从田间收集数据，智能合约规范所有这些参与方之间的交互。系统实现已通过图表和适当的解释展示出来。还附上了每项操作的燃气成本，以便更好地理解成本。我们还从挑战和优势方面对该系统进行了分析。这项研究的总体影响是展示区块链在农业领域不可变、可用、透明和高度安全的特性，同时强调区块链、智能合约和物联网协作所呈现的强大机制。
