Department of Sociology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Department of Sociology, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Demography. 2021 Apr 1;58(2):763-772. doi: 10.1215/00703370-8976151.
In 2018, the General Social Survey (GSS) asked some respondents for their sex assigned at birth and current gender identity, in addition to the ongoing practice of having survey interviewers code respondent sex. Between 0.44% and 0.93% of the respondents who were surveyed identified as transgender, identified with a gender that does not conventionally correspond to the sex they were assigned at birth, or identified the sex they were assigned at birth inconsistently with the interviewer's assessment of respondent sex. These results corroborate previous estimates of the transgender population size in the United States. Furthermore, the implementation of these new questions mirrors the successful inclusion of other small populations represented in the GSS, such as lesbian, gay, and bisexual people, as well as Muslims, Buddhists, and Hindus. Data on transgender and gender-nonconforming populations can be pooled together over time to assess these populations' attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and social inequality patterns. We identified inconsistencies between interviewer-coded sex, self-reported sex, and gender identity. As with the coding of race in the GSS, interviewer-coded assessments can mismatch respondents' self-reported identification. Our findings underscore the importance of continuing to ask respondents to self-report gender identity separately from sex assigned at birth in the GSS and other surveys.
2018 年，一般社会调查（GSS）除了继续让调查采访者对受访者的性别进行编码外，还要求一些受访者提供他们的出生时性别和当前的性别认同。在接受调查的受访者中，有 0.44%至 0.93%的人认为自己是跨性别者，他们的性别与他们出生时被分配的性别不相符，或者他们出生时的性别与采访者对受访者性别的评估不一致。这些结果证实了美国跨性别者人口规模的先前估计。此外，这些新问题的实施反映了在 GSS 中成功纳入了其他小群体，如女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋者，以及穆斯林、佛教徒和印度教徒。随着时间的推移，可以将跨性别和性别不一致人群的数据汇总在一起，以评估这些人群的态度、信仰、行为和社会不平等模式。我们发现采访者编码的性别、自我报告的性别和性别认同之间存在不一致。就像 GSS 中对种族的编码一样，采访者编码的评估可能与受访者自我报告的身份不匹配。我们的发现强调了在 GSS 和其他调查中继续要求受访者将性别认同与出生时的性别分开自我报告的重要性。
