Krautzig Steffen
MVZ für Nieren- und Hochdruckerkrankungen Lippe gGmbH, 32657, Lemgo, Deutschland.
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2021 May;54(3):197-204. doi: 10.1007/s00391-021-01877-9. Epub 2021 Apr 8.
In addition to history taking and clinical examination, blood and serum values, a urine examination and ultrasound of the abdomen are helpful in the diagnostic clarification of renal insufficiency. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determines the severity of the renal insufficiency. It is estimated (eGFR) from the serum creatinine, the age and gender of the patient. The protein and albumin/creatinine ratios in the urine provide information on the etiology of renal insufficiency and are a measure of the patient's cardiovascular risk. A urine dipstick is used to screen for cellular components and should be supplemented with an investigation of the urine sediment if positive. Sonography is used to determine the size of the kidneys, morphological changes in the kidneys and to rule out urinary obstruction.
除病史采集和临床检查外，血液和血清值、尿液检查及腹部超声有助于明确肾功能不全的诊断。肾小球滤过率（GFR）决定肾功能不全的严重程度。它是根据患者的血清肌酐、年龄和性别估算得出的（估算肾小球滤过率[eGFR]）。尿液中的蛋白质和白蛋白/肌酐比值可提供有关肾功能不全病因的信息，也是衡量患者心血管风险的指标。使用尿试纸条筛查细胞成分，若呈阳性，则应进一步检查尿沉渣。超声检查用于确定肾脏大小、肾脏形态变化并排除尿路梗阻。
