Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
Histol Histopathol. 2021 Sep;36(9):899-906. doi: 10.14670/HH-18-336. Epub 2021 Apr 9.
Peri-miniscrew implant is a temporary assistant armamentarium for the treatment of severe malocclusion and complex tooth movement, the inflammation around it is the main reason for the failure of orthodontic treatment due to the implant loosening and falling out. Inflammation around the peri-miniscrew implant is associated with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These pro-inflammatory cytokines, in turn, recruit immune cells (such as macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells), which can produce and release inflammatory biomarkers, regulate the interaction between immune cells, periodontal ligament cells, osteoblasts, and so on. However, there is currently no effective clinical treatment plan to prevent inflammation around implants.
To investigate the potentially essential factors in the inflammatory response around the peri-miniscrew implant and explore the signaling pathways involved.
Here, we review the studies focused on inflammatory biomarkers (Interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs)) in peri-miniscrew implant crevicular fluid (PMICF), as well as inflammatory signaling pathways (Wnt5a, JNK, Erk1/2, NF-κBp65 and TAB/TAK) in periodontal cells from 1998 to 2020.
A literature search revealed TLR-2, TLR-4, LOX-1, and BMPs are involved in regulating ILs (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17), TNF-α, RANKL, MMP-2, MMP-9 expression via JNK, Erk1/2, Wnt5a, NF-κBp65, OPN, and TAB/TAK signaling pathways. Among them, IL-1β and IL-6 are the critical inflammation factors in the signaling pathways inducing the inflammatory reaction surrounding implants. Besides, CAM-1 was also regulated by MMP-9 and IL-17.
There are considerable potential factors involving regulating inflammatory biomarkers on downstream signaling pathways in peri-minisrew implant crevicular fluid.
This review provides the substantiation of these cell factors and signaling pathways around peri-miniscrew implants, proposes more practical clinical therapeutic ideas and schemes for improving the stability and clinical efficacy of peri-miniscrew implants.
微螺钉种植体是治疗严重错畸形和复杂牙齿移动的临时辅助器具，种植体松动脱落是导致正畸治疗失败的主要原因，其周围的炎症与此有关。微螺钉种植体周围的炎症与促炎细胞因子的释放有关。这些促炎细胞因子反过来招募免疫细胞（如巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、T 细胞和 B 细胞），这些细胞可以产生和释放炎症生物标志物，调节免疫细胞、牙周韧带细胞、成骨细胞等之间的相互作用。然而，目前还没有有效的临床治疗方案来预防种植体周围的炎症。
探讨微螺钉种植体周围炎症反应中潜在的关键因素，并探讨相关的信号通路。
在这里，我们回顾了 1998 年至 2020 年期间，有关微螺钉种植体龈沟液（PMICF）中炎症生物标志物（白细胞介素、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、核因子-κB 受体激活剂配体（RANKL）、基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）和细胞间黏附分子（CAMs））以及牙周细胞中炎症信号通路（Wnt5a、JNK、Erk1/2、NF-κBp65 和 TAB/TAK）的研究。
文献检索显示 TLR-2、TLR-4、LOX-1 和 BMPs 通过 JNK、Erk1/2、Wnt5a、NF-κBp65、OPN 和 TAB/TAK 信号通路调节 ILs（IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8 和 IL-17）、TNF-α、RANKL、MMP-2、MMP-9 的表达。其中，IL-1β 和 IL-6 是诱导种植体周围炎症反应的信号通路中关键的炎症因子。此外，CAM-1 也受 MMP-9 和 IL-17 的调节。
在微螺钉种植体龈沟液下游信号通路中，存在大量潜在的调节炎症生物标志物的因素。
本综述为微螺钉种植体周围的这些细胞因子和信号通路提供了依据，为提高微螺钉种植体的稳定性和临床疗效提出了更实用的临床治疗思路和方案。
