Gutiérrez-Abejón Eduardo, Herrera-Gómez Francisco, Álvarez Francisco Javier
Pharmacological Big Data Laboratory, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
Technical Direction of Pharmaceutical Assistance, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain.
Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2021 Dec;35(6):1168-1178. doi: 10.1111/fcp.12680. Epub 2021 Apr 22.
First-generation antihistamines are considered driving-impairing medicines (DIM), while second- and third-generation antihistamines are relatively safe for driving.
The aim of this study was to know the trend of consumption of antihistamines and other DIMs in Spain between 2015 and 2019.
This is a population-based registry study. The population distribution by age and gender has been taken into account, as well the treatment duration with these medicines and the concomitant use of other DIMs. Adjusted consumption for licensed drivers is also presented.
Between 2015 and 2019, antihistamines were dispensed to 12.1% of the population and 9.25% of drivers. Oral antihistamines are the most consumed with 85.83%, and generally more used by women than men. Regardless of systemic antihistamines, the second-generation were the most consumed (8.9%) followed by the third-generation (2.07%) and the first-generation (0.61%). Subacute use was predominant in second -generation antihistamines (4.96%) and third-generation (1.26%), while acute use was predominant in third-generation antihistamines. On the other hand, only 0.36% of the population consumed antihistamines daily. The concomitant use of antihistamines with other DIMS was considerable, especially anxiolytics, opioids, other analgesics and antipyretics and antidepressants. The results in drivers were similar than in the general population.
The use of antihistamines has increased in recent years, however, in Spain, the use of less sedatives predominates, which is safe for driving. Finally, it is important to consider that concomitant use with other DIMs was frequent, which may affect the fitness to drive.
第一代抗组胺药被认为是会影响驾驶能力的药物（DIM），而第二代和第三代抗组胺药对驾驶相对安全。
本研究旨在了解2015年至2019年西班牙抗组胺药及其他影响驾驶能力药物的消费趋势。
这是一项基于人群的登记研究。考虑了按年龄和性别划分的人群分布，以及这些药物的治疗持续时间和其他影响驾驶能力药物的联合使用情况。还给出了持照驾驶员的调整后消费量。
2015年至2019年期间，12.1%的人口和9.25%的驾驶员使用了抗组胺药。口服抗组胺药的消费量最高，占85.83%，女性的使用量通常多于男性。不考虑全身性抗组胺药，第二代的消费量最高（8.9%），其次是第三代（2.07%）和第一代（0.61%）。第二代抗组胺药（4.96%）和第三代抗组胺药（1.26%）以亚急性使用为主，而第三代抗组胺药以急性使用为主。另一方面，仅0.36%的人口每天使用抗组胺药。抗组胺药与其他影响驾驶能力药物的联合使用相当普遍，尤其是与抗焦虑药、阿片类药物、其他镇痛药和解热镇痛药以及抗抑郁药。驾驶员中的结果与普通人群相似。
近年来抗组胺药的使用有所增加，然而，在西班牙，使用较少镇静作用药物的情况占主导，这对驾驶是安全的。最后，重要的是要考虑到与其他影响驾驶能力药物的联合使用很频繁，这可能会影响驾驶适宜性。
