Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Miami Miller, Miami, FL, USA.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2021 Dec;130(12):1369-1377. doi: 10.1177/00034894211008100. Epub 2021 Apr 9.
Fireworks are used commonly for celebrations in the United States, but can lead to severe injury to the head and neck. We aim to assess the incidence, types, and mechanisms of head and neck injuries associated with fireworks use from 2010 to 2019.
A retrospective cross-sectional study, using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, of individuals presenting to United States Emergency Departments with head and neck injuries caused by fireworks and flares from 2010 to 2019. Incidence, types, and mechanisms of injury related to fireworks use in the US population were assessed.
A total of 541 patients (349 [64.5%] male, and 294 [54%] under 18 years of age) presented to emergency departments with fireworks-related head and neck injuries; the estimated national total was 20 584 patients (13 279 male, 9170 white, and 11 186 under 18 years of age). The most common injury diagnoses were burns (44.7% of injuries), laceration/avulsion/penetrating trauma (21.1%), and otologic injury (15.2%), which included hearing loss, otalgia, tinnitus, unspecified acoustic trauma, and tympanic membrane perforation. The remaining 19% of injuries were a mix, including contusion, abrasion, hematoma, fracture, and closed head injury. Associations between fireworks type and injury diagnosis (chi-square < .001), as well as fireworks type by age group (chi-square < .001) were found. Similarly, associations were found between age groups and injury diagnoses (chi-square < .001); these included children 5 years and younger and adults older than 30 years.
Fireworks-related head and neck injuries are more likely to occur in young, white, and male individuals. Burns are the most common injury, while otologic injury is a significant contributor. Annual rates of fireworks-related head and neck injuries have not changed or improved significantly in the United States in the past decade, suggesting efforts to identify and prevent these injuries are insufficient.
烟花在美国常用于庆祝活动，但可能导致头部和颈部严重受伤。我们旨在评估 2010 年至 2019 年期间与烟花使用相关的头部和颈部损伤的发生率、类型和机制。
这是一项回顾性的横断面研究，使用了 2010 年至 2019 年期间美国国家电子伤害监测系统的数据，研究对象为因烟花和照明弹而导致头部和颈部受伤并前往美国急诊室就诊的个人。评估了与美国人口中烟花使用相关的伤害发生率、类型和机制。
共有 541 名（349 名男性[64.5%]，294 名[54%]年龄在 18 岁以下）患者因与烟花相关的头部和颈部受伤而前往急诊室就诊；估计全国总人数为 20584 人（13279 名男性，9170 名白人，11186 名年龄在 18 岁以下）。最常见的损伤诊断是烧伤（44.7%的损伤）、裂伤/撕裂伤/穿透伤（21.1%）和耳科损伤（15.2%），包括听力损失、耳痛、耳鸣、未特指的听觉损伤和鼓膜穿孔。其余 19%的损伤为混合性损伤，包括挫伤、擦伤、血肿、骨折和闭合性头部损伤。烟花类型与损伤诊断之间（卡方<0.001）以及烟花类型与年龄组之间（卡方<0.001）存在关联。同样，年龄组与损伤诊断之间也存在关联（卡方<0.001）；这些关联包括 5 岁及以下的儿童和 30 岁以上的成年人。
与烟花相关的头部和颈部损伤更可能发生在年轻、白人、男性个体中。烧伤是最常见的损伤，而耳科损伤是一个重要的病因。在过去的十年中，美国与烟花相关的头部和颈部损伤的年发生率没有明显变化或改善，这表明识别和预防这些损伤的努力还不够充分。
