Smith G A, Knapp J F, Barnett T M, Shields B J
Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Columbus, USA.
Pediatrics. 1996 Jul;98(1):1-9.
To describe the epidemiology of fireworks-related injuries to children treated in a pediatric emergency department.
A descriptive study of a consecutive series of patients.
The emergency department of a large urban children's hospital.
Children treated for injuries associated with fireworks during the 22-year period from 1972 through 1993.
Three hundred sixteen children were treated for fireworks-related injuries. Ninety-five percent of patients were injured during the 3-week period of June 22 to July 14 during the study years. Seventy-one percent of patients were male, and the average age was 8.5 years, with a range of 1 month to 17 years. The child was a bystander in 26% of cases, and adult supervision was present in 54% of cases. One patient died, and 11% of children required admission to the hospital, with an average length of stay of 7.8 days (range, 1 to 37 days). Fifteen children (5%) went to the operating room for treatment of injuries. Thirty-three patients (10%) had permanent sequelae from their injuries, including 7 children (2%) with complete or partial loss of vision in one eye. The eyes were injured in 29% of cases, followed by hands and fingers (22%), other head and face sites (18%), and lower extremities (16%). The primary injury was a burn in 72% of cases. Firecrackers were associated with 42% of injuries, followed by bottle rockets (12%), other types of rockets (7%), Roman candles (11%), sparklers (7%), fountains (5%), jumping jacks (4%), and class B (illegal) fireworks (4%). Sixty-seven percent of sparkler-related injuries occurred among children 5 years and younger (Fisher's exact test, P = .000002; odds ratio [OR] = 10.00, 95% confidence interval 3.52 < OR < 29.24). Permanent sequelae were more common for eye injuries caused by rockets than eye injuries caused by other types of fireworks (Fisher's exact test, P = .03; OR = 6.72, 95% confidence interval 1.18 < OR < 38.18). Charges for medical care of a fireworks-related injury averaged $1385 per patient (range, $44 to $15 071).
Fireworks are associated with serious injuries. Findings of this large consecutive series describe the epidemiology of these injuries. Children and their families should be encouraged to enjoy fireworks at public fireworks displays conducted by professionals. Fireworks for individual private use should be banned.
描述在儿科急诊科接受治疗的儿童烟花相关损伤的流行病学情况。
对一系列连续患者进行的描述性研究。
一家大型城市儿童医院的急诊科。
1972年至1993年这22年期间因烟花相关损伤接受治疗的儿童。
316名儿童因烟花相关损伤接受治疗。95%的患者在研究年份的6月22日至7月14日这3周内受伤。71%的患者为男性，平均年龄为8.5岁，年龄范围为1个月至17岁。26%的病例中儿童为旁观者，54%的病例中有成人监管。1名患者死亡，11%的儿童需要住院治疗，平均住院时间为7.8天（范围为1至37天）。15名儿童（5%）前往手术室接受损伤治疗。33名患者（10%）因损伤留有永久性后遗症，其中7名儿童（2%）一只眼睛完全或部分失明。29%的病例眼睛受伤，其次是手和手指（22%）；其他头部和面部部位（18%）；以及下肢（16%）。72%的病例主要损伤为烧伤。42%的损伤与鞭炮有关，其次是瓶火箭（12%）、其他类型火箭（7%）、罗马烟火筒（11%）、手持烟花（7%）、喷泉烟花（5%）、玩偶烟花（4%）和B级（非法）烟花（4%）。5岁及以下儿童中67%的手持烟花相关损伤（费舍尔精确检验，P = 0.000002；优势比[OR] = 10.00，95%置信区间3.52 < OR < 29.24）。火箭造成的眼部损伤比其他类型烟花造成的眼部损伤更常导致永久性后遗症（费舍尔精确检验，P = 0.03；OR = 6.72，95%置信区间1.18 < OR < 3 .18）。烟花相关损伤的医疗费用平均每位患者1385美元（范围为44美元至15071美元）。
烟花与严重损伤有关。这个大型连续系列研究的结果描述了这些损伤的流行病学情况。应鼓励儿童及其家人在专业人员举办的公共烟花表演中欣赏烟花。应禁止个人私自使用烟花。
