Agronomy School, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74 690-900, Brazil.
Agricultural Microbiology Laboratory, Embrapa Rice and Beans, Santo Antônio de, Goiás, GO, 75375-000, Brazil.
Arch Microbiol. 2021 Aug;203(6):3257-3268. doi: 10.1007/s00203-021-02307-5. Epub 2021 Apr 10.
This study aimed to identify four isolates of Trichoderma sp. (Ufra.T06, Ufra.T09, Ufra.T12, and Ufra.T52) and characterize their interaction with Magnaporthe oryzae in vitro and in vivo conditions. The four isolates of Trichoderma sp. were sequenced, investigated as an antagonist against M. oryzae in five Petri plate assays, and as an inhibitor of conidial germination appressoria formation. Finally, were quantified the lytic activity of chitinase (CHI), glucanase (GLU), and protease (PRO) during co-cultivation of Trichoderma sp. and M. oryzae. In vivo, leaf blast suppression was evaluated in two assays: simultaneous and curative application. Both in vitro and in vivo assays were scanned by electron microscopy (SEM). All isolates were identified as Trichoderma asperellum. All in vitro Petri plates assays reduced M. oryzae colony growth (paired-91.18% by Ufra.T09, volatile metabolites-all isolates equally reduced, non-volatile-68.33% by Ufra.T06, thermostability-99.77% by Ufra.T52 and co-cultivate-64.25% by Ufra.T52). The filtrates and conidia suspensions for T. asperellum isolates inhibited the conidia germination and appressoria formation significantly. In co-cultivate (mycelial or cell wall), all enzymes (GLU, CHI, and PRO) and times (24, 48, and 72 h) showed increased activity. In vivo, reduced leaf blast severity until 94.64% (Ufra.T52cs) in a simultaneous and until 85% (Ufra.T09 24 and 48 hasi) in a curative application. T. asperellum isolates showed efficient control of M. oryzae by mycoparasitism, and antibiosis mechanisms were interfered with by the M. oryzae infection process.
本研究旨在鉴定出四种拟青霉属（Ufra.T06、Ufra.T09、Ufra.T12 和 Ufra.T52）菌株，并在体外和体内条件下研究它们与稻瘟病菌的相互作用。对这四种拟青霉属菌株进行了测序，并在五个培养皿试验中作为稻瘟病菌的拮抗剂进行了研究，还研究了它们对分生孢子附着胞形成的抑制作用。最后，在拟青霉属和稻瘟病菌共培养过程中定量了几丁质酶（CHI）、葡聚糖酶（GLU）和蛋白酶（PRO）的溶菌活性。在体内，通过电子显微镜（SEM）扫描评估了两种试验中叶片穗枯病的抑制情况：同时和治疗应用。所有分离株均被鉴定为asperellum 拟青霉。所有体外培养皿试验均降低了稻瘟病菌的菌落生长（Ufra.T09 降低了 91.18%，挥发性代谢物——所有分离株的降低程度相同，非挥发性代谢物——Ufra.T06 降低了 68.33%，热稳定性——Ufra.T52 降低了 99.77%，共培养——Ufra.T52 降低了 64.25%）。asperellum 拟青霉的滤液和分生孢子悬浮液显著抑制了分生孢子的萌发和附着胞的形成。在共培养（菌丝体或细胞壁）中，所有酶（GLU、CHI 和 PRO）和时间（24、48 和 72 小时）都显示出活性增加。在体内，同时应用时叶片穗枯病严重度降低至 94.64%（Ufra.T52cs），治疗应用时降低至 85%（Ufra.T09 24 和 48 hasi）。asperellum 拟青霉通过寄生作用有效地控制了稻瘟病菌，而稻瘟病菌的感染过程干扰了抗生作用机制。
