Division of Nephrology, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey.
Department of Internal Medicine, Sakarya University Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey.
J Infect Dev Ctries. 2021 Mar 31;15(3):398-403. doi: 10.3855/jidc.14009.
The aim of this study is to investigate whether macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) predicts the prognosis of COVID-19 disease.
This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 87 confirmed COVID-19 patients. The patients were separated into two groups according to the admission in the ICU or in the ward. MIF was determined batchwise in plasma obtained as soon as the patients were admitted. Both groups were compared with respect to demographic characteristics, biochemical parameters and prediction of requirement to ICU admission.
Forty seven patients in ICU, and 40 patients in ward were included. With respect to MIF levels and biochemical biomarkers, there was a statistically significant difference between the ICU and ward patients (p< 0.024). In terms of ICU requirement, the cut-off value of MIF was detected as 4.705 (AUC:0.633, 95%CI:0.561-0.79, p= 0.037), D-dimer was 789 (AUC:0.779, 95%CI: 0.681-0.877, p= 0.000), troponin was 8.15 (AUC: 0.820, 95%CI:0.729-0.911, p= 0.000), ferritin was 375 (AUC: 0.774, 95%CI:0.671-0.876, p= 0.000), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was 359.5 (AUC:0.843, 95%CI: 0.753-0.933, p= 0.000). According to the logistic regression analysis; when MIF level > 4.705, the patient's requirement to ICU risk was increased to 8.33 (95%CI: 1.73-44.26, p= 0.009) fold. Similarly, elevation of troponin, ferritin and, LDH was shown to predict disease prognosis (p< 0.05).
Our study showed that MIF may play a role in inflammatory responses to COVID-19 through induction of pulmonary inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that pharmacotherapeutic approaches targeting MIF may hold promise for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia.
本研究旨在探讨巨噬细胞移动抑制因子（MIF）是否可预测 COVID-19 疾病的预后。
本描述性和横断面研究共纳入 87 例确诊 COVID-19 患者。根据患者入住 ICU 或病房，将其分为两组。在患者入院时，通过批量检测血浆中的 MIF。比较两组患者的人口统计学特征、生化参数和入住 ICU 的预测值。
纳入 47 例 ICU 患者和 40 例病房患者。在 MIF 水平和生化生物标志物方面，ICU 患者与病房患者之间存在统计学显著差异（p<0.024）。在入住 ICU 的要求方面，MIF 的截止值为 4.705（AUC：0.633，95%CI：0.561-0.79，p=0.037），D-二聚体为 789（AUC：0.779，95%CI：0.681-0.877，p=0.000），肌钙蛋白为 8.15（AUC：0.820，95%CI：0.729-0.911，p=0.000），铁蛋白为 375（AUC：0.774，95%CI：0.671-0.876，p=0.000），乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）为 359.5（AUC：0.843，95%CI：0.753-0.933，p=0.000）。根据逻辑回归分析；当 MIF 水平>4.705 时，患者入住 ICU 的风险增加到 8.33（95%CI：1.73-44.26，p=0.009）倍。同样，肌钙蛋白、铁蛋白和 LDH 的升高也表明疾病预后不良（p<0.05）。
本研究表明，MIF 可能通过诱导肺炎症细胞因子在 COVID-19 的炎症反应中发挥作用，提示针对 MIF 的药物治疗方法可能为 COVID-19 肺炎的治疗提供希望。
