Magnusdottir Kristin S, Tryggvadottir Ellen A, Magnusdottir Ola K, Hrolfsdottir Laufey, Halldorsson Thorhallur I, Birgisdottir Bryndis E, Hreidarsdottir Ingibjorg T, Hardardottir Hildur, Gunnarsdottir Ingibjorg
Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Institution of Health Science Research, University of Akureyri and Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland.
Food Nutr Res. 2021 Mar 23;65. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v65.5574. eCollection 2021.
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), one of the most common pregnancy complications. The vitamin D status has never previously been studied in pregnant women in Iceland.
The aim of this research study was to evaluate the vitamin D status of an Icelandic cohort of pregnant women and the association between the vitamin D status and the GDM incidence.
Subjects included pregnant women ( = 938) who attended their first ultrasound appointment, during gestational weeks 11-14, between October 2017 and March 2018. The use of supplements containing vitamin D over the previous 3 months, height, pre-pregnancy weight, and social status were assessed using a questionnaire, and blood samples were drawn for analyzing the serum 25‑hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration. Information regarding the incidence of GDM later in pregnancy was collected from medical records.
The mean ± standard deviation of the serum 25OHD (S-25OHD) concentration in this cohort was 63±24 nmol/L. The proportion of women with an S-25OHD concentration of ≥ 50 nmol/L (which is considered adequate) was 70%, whereas 25% had concentrations between 30 and 49.9 nmol/L (insufficient) and 5% had concentrations < 30 nmol/L (deficient). The majority of women ( = 766, 82%) used supplements containing vitamin D on a daily basis. A gradual decrease in the proportion of women diagnosed with GDM was reported with increasing S-25OHD concentrations, going from 17.8% in the group with S-25OHD concentrations < 30 nmol/L to 12.8% in the group with S-25OHD concentrations ≥75 nmol/L; however, the association was not significant ( = 0.11).
Approximately one-third of this cohort had S-25OHD concentrations below adequate levels (< 50 nmol/L) during the first trimester of pregnancy, which may suggest that necessary action must be taken to increase their vitamin D levels. No clear association was observed between the vitamin D status and GDM in this study.
维生素D缺乏与妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）风险增加有关，妊娠期糖尿病是最常见的妊娠并发症之一。此前从未对冰岛孕妇的维生素D状况进行过研究。
本研究的目的是评估冰岛一组孕妇的维生素D状况，以及维生素D状况与妊娠期糖尿病发病率之间的关联。
研究对象包括在2017年10月至2018年3月期间妊娠11 - 14周首次进行超声检查的孕妇（n = 938）。通过问卷调查评估过去3个月内维生素D补充剂的使用情况、身高、孕前体重和社会地位，并采集血样分析血清25 - 羟基维生素D（25OHD）浓度。从医疗记录中收集关于妊娠后期妊娠期糖尿病发病率的信息。
该队列中血清25OHD（S - 25OHD）浓度的平均值±标准差为63±24 nmol/L。S - 25OHD浓度≥50 nmol/L（被认为充足）的女性比例为70%，而25%的女性浓度在30至49.9 nmol/L之间（不足），5%的女性浓度<30 nmol/L（缺乏）。大多数女性（n = 766，82%）每天使用含维生素D的补充剂。随着S - 25OHD浓度升高，报告的妊娠期糖尿病诊断女性比例逐渐下降，从S - 25OHD浓度<30 nmol/L组的17.8%降至S - 25OHD浓度≥75 nmol/L组的12.8%；然而，这种关联不显著（P = 0.11）。
该队列中约三分之一的孕妇在妊娠早期血清25OHD浓度低于充足水平（<50 nmol/L），这可能表明必须采取必要措施提高她们的维生素D水平。本研究未观察到维生素D状况与妊娠期糖尿病之间存在明确关联。
