Clements Grace M, Bowie Daniel C, Gyurkovics Mate, Low Kathy A, Fabiani Monica, Gratton Gabriele
Beckman Institute, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.
Psychology Department, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2021 Mar 5;15:621620. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.621620. eCollection 2021.
The resting-state human electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum is dominated by alpha (8-12 Hz) and theta (4-8 Hz) oscillations, and also includes non-oscillatory broadband activity inversely related to frequency (1/ activity). Gratton proposed that alpha and theta oscillations are both related to cognitive control function, though in a complementary manner. Alpha activity is hypothesized to facilitate the of representations, such as task sets in preparation for task conditions. In contrast, theta activity would facilitate in representations, such as the of task sets in response to task demands. Therefore, theta should be related to reactive control (which may prompt changes in task representations), while alpha may be more relevant to proactive control (which implies the maintenance of current task representations). Less is known about the possible relationship between 1/ activity and cognitive control, which was analyzed here in an exploratory fashion. To investigate these hypothesized relationships, we recorded eyes-open and eyes-closed resting-state EEG from younger and older adults and subsequently tested their performance on a cued flanker task, expected to elicit both proactive and reactive control processes. Results showed that alpha power and 1/ offset were smaller in older than younger adults, whereas theta power did not show age-related reductions. Resting alpha power and 1/ offset were associated with proactive control processes, whereas theta power was related to reactive control as measured by the cued flanker task. All associations were present over and above the effect of age, suggesting that these resting-state EEG correlates could be indicative of trait-like individual differences in cognitive control performance, which may be already evident in younger adults, and are still similarly present in healthy older adults.
静息状态下的人类脑电图（EEG）功率谱主要由α波（8 - 12赫兹）和θ波（4 - 8赫兹）振荡主导，还包括与频率呈反比的非振荡宽带活动（1/活动）。格拉顿提出，α波和θ波振荡都与认知控制功能有关，尽管方式互补。据推测，α波活动有助于表征的 ，比如为 任务条件准备的任务集。相比之下，θ波活动会促进表征中的 ，比如响应 任务需求时任务集的 。因此，θ波应与反应性控制相关（这可能促使任务表征发生变化），而α波可能与主动性控制更相关（这意味着维持当前任务表征）。关于1/活动与认知控制之间可能的关系，人们了解较少，本文对此进行了探索性分析。为了研究这些假设的关系，我们记录了年轻人和老年人睁眼和闭眼静息状态下的脑电图，随后测试了他们在线索侧翼任务中的表现，该任务预计会引发主动性和反应性控制过程。结果显示，老年人的α波功率和1/偏移比年轻人小，而θ波功率没有随年龄增长而降低。静息α波功率和1/偏移与主动性控制过程相关，而θ波功率与线索侧翼任务所测量的反应性控制相关。所有这些关联在年龄影响之外均存在，这表明这些静息状态脑电图相关性可能表明认知控制表现中类似特质的个体差异，这种差异在年轻人中可能已经很明显，在健康老年人中同样存在。 （原文部分内容缺失，翻译可能存在部分不准确，需结合完整原文理解）
