Bullock Garrett, Hulburt Tessa C, Collins Gary, Waterman Brian R, Nicholson Kristen F
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine; Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Oxford; Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford.
Wake Forest School of Medicine.
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2021 Apr 2;16(2):488-495. doi: 10.26603/001c.21495.
Approximately 25% of youth baseball players pitch, with most young athletes predominately playing multiple positions. While some youth baseball players may primarily pitch, other players may only pitch on occasion, potentially creating a pitching skill level discrepancy. Understanding potential kinematic and kinetic differences between pitching and non-pitching baseball players can inform injury risk reduction strategies for amateur athletes.
PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: To analyze differences in pitching biomechanics for fastballs, breaking balls, and change-ups in adolescent youth baseball players that identify as pitchers and non-pitchers.
Retrospective cross-sectional study.
Baseball players were designated as pitchers or non-pitchers, who then threw fastballs (FB), breaking balls (BB), and change-ups (CH) during a biomechanical assessment. T-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and ANOVAs with Bonferroni correction, and effect sizes (ES) were performed.
Sixty baseball players (pitchers = 40; non-pitchers = 20; Age: 15.0 (1.1); Left-handed: 15%; Height 1.77 (0.09) m; Weight: 70.0 (12.5) kg) threw 495 pitches (FB: 177, BB: 155, CH: 163) for analysis. Pitchers threw 2 m/s faster and produced greater trunk rotation velocity (ES: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.39, 1.30, p<0.0001) than non-pitchers. Furthermore, pitchers demonstrated greater ground reaction force for FB compared to CH (ES: 0.48 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.94), p<0.0001). No other biomechanical differences were observed between pitchers and non-pitchers or between pitch types.
Despite throwing at greater velocity for all pitch types, baseball players that identify primarily as pitchers had overall similar kinematics and kinetics in comparison to baseball players that primarily identify as non-pitchers. Self-identified pitching baseball athletes have improved force transfer strategies for ball propulsion, utilizing different force production and attenuation strategies across different pitch types when compared to non-pitchers. Coaches should consider that novice pitchers may potentially have dissimilar trunk and ground reaction strategies in comparison to primary pitchers when designing appropriate pitch loading and recovery strategies.
约25%的青少年棒球运动员投球，大多数年轻运动员主要司职多个位置。虽然一些青少年棒球运动员可能主要投球，但其他运动员可能只是偶尔投球，这可能导致投球技能水平存在差异。了解投球和不投球的棒球运动员之间潜在的运动学和动力学差异，可以为业余运动员的损伤风险降低策略提供参考。
目的/假设：分析青少年棒球运动员中自认为是投手和非投手的快球、变速球和变化球的投球生物力学差异。
回顾性横断面研究。
将棒球运动员分为投手或非投手，然后在生物力学评估中分别投快球（FB）、变速球（BB）和变化球（CH）。进行了t检验、曼-惠特尼U检验、采用邦费罗尼校正的方差分析以及效应量（ES）分析。
60名棒球运动员（投手 = 40名；非投手 = 20名；年龄：15.0（1.1）岁；左撇子：15%；身高1.77（0.09）米；体重：70.0（12.5）千克）共投出495次投球（快球：177次，变速球：155次，变化球：163次）用于分析。与非投手相比，投手投球速度快2米/秒，躯干旋转速度更高（效应量：0.71（95%置信区间：0.39，1.30，p<0.0001）。此外，与变化球相比，投手在投快球时表现出更大的地面反作用力（效应量：0.48（95%置信区间：0.01，0.94），p<0.0001）。在投手和非投手之间或不同投球类型之间未观察到其他生物力学差异。
尽管所有投球类型的投球速度都更快，但与主要自认为是非投手的棒球运动员相比，主要自认为是投手的棒球运动员在运动学和动力学方面总体相似。与非投手相比，自认为是投手的棒球运动员在球的推进方面改进了力的传递策略，在不同投球类型中采用了不同的力产生和衰减策略。教练在设计合适的投球负荷和恢复策略时应考虑到，新手投手与主要投手相比，其躯干和地面反作用力策略可能不同。
3级。
