Nutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, 1111 Franklin Street, Oakland, CA 94607, USA.
Department of Behavioral Health & Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2022 Mar;25(3):794-804. doi: 10.1017/S1368980021001245. Epub 2021 Apr 12.
In 2019, California and Wilmington, Delaware' implemented policies requiring healthier default beverages with restaurant kids' meals. The current study assessed restaurant beverage offerings and manager perceptions.
Pre-post menu observations were conducted in California and Wilmington. Observations of cashiers/servers during orders were conducted pre-post implementation in California and post-implementation in Wilmington. Changes in California were compared using multilevel logistic regression and paired t tests. Post-implementation, managers were interviewed.
Inside and drive-through ordering venues in a sample of quick-service restaurants in low-income California communities and all restaurants in Wilmington subject to the policy, the month before and 7-12 months after policy implementation.
Restaurant observations (California n 110; Wilmington n 14); managers (California n 75; Wilmington n 15).
Pre-implementation, the most common kids' meal beverages on California menus were unflavoured milk and water (78·8 %, 52·0 %); in Wilmington, juice, milk and sugar-sweetened beverages were most common (81·8 %, 66·7 % and 46·2 %). Post-implementation, menus including only policy-consistent beverages significantly increased in California (9·7 % to 66·1 %, P < 0·0001), but remained constant in Wilmington (30·8 %). During orders, cashiers/servers offering only policy-consistent beverages significantly decreased post-implementation in California (5·0 % to 1·0 %, P = 0·002). Few managers (California 29·3 %; Wilmington 0 %) reported policy knowledge, although most expressed support. Most managers wanted additional information for customers and staff.
While the proportion of menus offering only policy-consistent kids' meal default beverages increased in California, offerings did not change in Wilmington. In both jurisdictions, managers lacked policy knowledge, and few cashiers/servers offered only policy-consistent beverages. Additional efforts are needed to strengthen implementation of kids' meal beverage policies.
2019 年，加利福尼亚州和特拉华州威尔明顿市实施了政策，要求餐厅为儿童餐提供更健康的默认饮料。本研究评估了餐厅的饮料供应情况和经理的看法。
在加利福尼亚州和威尔明顿进行了菜单预-后观察。在加利福尼亚州实施前后和威尔明顿实施后，对订单期间收银员/服务员进行了观察。使用多水平逻辑回归和配对 t 检验比较加利福尼亚州的变化。实施后，对经理进行了访谈。
在加利福尼亚州低收入社区的快餐餐厅和受政策约束的威尔明顿市所有餐厅的内部和免下车点餐场所。
餐厅观察（加利福尼亚州 n 110；威尔明顿 n 14）；经理（加利福尼亚州 n 75；威尔明顿 n 15）。
在实施前，加利福尼亚州菜单上最常见的儿童餐饮料是原味牛奶和水（78.8%，52.0%）；在威尔明顿，果汁、牛奶和含糖饮料最常见（81.8%、66.7%和 46.2%）。实施后，仅包括符合政策的饮料的菜单在加利福尼亚州显著增加（9.7%至 66.1%，P<0.0001），但在威尔明顿保持不变（30.8%）。在订单期间，仅提供符合政策的饮料的收银员/服务员在加利福尼亚州实施后显著减少（5.0%至 1.0%，P=0.002）。很少有经理（加利福尼亚州 29.3%；威尔明顿 0%）报告了解政策，但大多数表示支持。大多数经理希望为顾客和员工提供更多信息。
尽管加利福尼亚州提供仅符合政策的儿童餐默认饮料的菜单比例有所增加，但威尔明顿的供应情况并未改变。在这两个司法管辖区，经理都缺乏政策知识，很少有收银员/服务员仅提供符合政策的饮料。需要进一步努力加强儿童餐饮料政策的实施。
