Hare J, Pratt C C, Andrews D
University of Wisconsin-Stout, Human Development, Family Living and Community Educational Services, Menomonie 54751.
Int J Nurs Stud. 1988;25(2):105-15. doi: 10.1016/0020-7489(88)90078-8.
Burnout is a phenomenon in which the cumulative effects of a stressful work environment gradually overwhelm the defenses of staff members, forcing them to psychologically withdraw. To understand the experience of professional and paraprofessional nurses suffering from burnout requires a close examination of the environments in which they function. This study examined interpersonal, intrapersonal and situational factors expected to contribute to the six dimensions of burnout among nursing staff who worked in acute care and long-term care health facilities. The sample included 312 professional and paraprofessional nurses. The following research question was explored using a series of stepwise multiple regression analyses: of the following variables interpersonal (professional exposure to patients with poor prognosis for survival, work relationships, informal support), intrapersonal (coping strategies, fear of death, comfort working with patients with poor prognosis for survival) and situational (personal and work demographics), which are the significant predictors of the six dimensions of burnout in professional and paraprofessional nurses? Findings revealed that work relationships and tension-releasing and instrumental problem-focused coping were the most powerful predictors of burnout. Based upon this, it was concluded that nursing burnout is both an organizational and a personal problem. Recommendations for practice are presented.
职业倦怠是一种现象，即压力大的工作环境的累积效应逐渐压垮工作人员的防线，迫使他们在心理上退缩。要了解遭受职业倦怠的专业护士和辅助护士的经历，需要仔细审视他们工作的环境。本研究考察了预期会导致在急症护理和长期护理医疗机构工作的护理人员职业倦怠六个维度的人际、个人内在和情境因素。样本包括312名专业护士和辅助护士。通过一系列逐步多元回归分析探讨了以下研究问题：在以下变量中，人际因素（接触生存预后不良患者的职业经历、工作关系、非正式支持）、个人内在因素（应对策略、对死亡的恐惧、与生存预后不良患者共事时的舒适度）和情境因素（个人和工作人口统计学特征）中，哪些是专业护士和辅助护士职业倦怠六个维度的显著预测因素？研究结果显示，工作关系以及释放压力和以工具性问题为重点的应对方式是职业倦怠最有力的预测因素。基于此，得出结论：护理人员的职业倦怠既是一个组织问题，也是一个个人问题。文中还给出了实践建议。
