Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095 Beijing, China.
Beijing Graphene Institute, 100095 Beijing, China
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Apr 20;118(16). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2023164118.
Great efforts have been made to build integrated devices to enable future wearable electronics; however, safe, disposable, and cost-effective power sources still remain a challenge. In this paper, an all-solid-state power source was developed by using graphene materials and can be printed directly on an insulating substrate such as paper. The design of the power source was inspired by electric eels to produce programmable voltage and current by converting the chemical potential energy of the ion gradient to electric energy in the presence of moisture. An ultrahigh voltage of 192 V with 175 cells in series printed on a strip of paper was realized under ambient conditions. For the planar cell, the mathematical fractal design concept was adapted as printed patterns, improving the output power density to 2.5 mW cm, comparable to that of lithium thin-film batteries. A foldable three-dimensional (3D) cell was also achieved by employing an origami strategy, demonstrating a versatile design to provide green electric energy. Unlike typical batteries, this power source printed on flexible paper substrate does not require liquid electrolytes, hazardous components, or complicated fabrication processes and is highly customizable to meet the demands of wearable electronics and Internet of Things applications.
研究人员致力于开发集成设备以推动未来可穿戴电子产品的发展；然而，安全、一次性且经济高效的电源仍然是一个挑战。本文开发了一种全固态电源，它可以使用石墨烯材料直接打印在诸如纸张等绝缘基底上。该电源的设计灵感来自电鳗，通过在存在水分的情况下将离子梯度的化学势能转换为电能，从而产生可编程的电压和电流。在环境条件下，通过在纸条上串联 175 个单元，实现了 192 V 的超高电压。对于平面电池，采用了数学分形设计概念作为打印图案，将输出功率密度提高到 2.5 mW cm，可与锂薄膜电池相媲美。通过采用折纸策略，还实现了可折叠的三维（3D）电池，展示了一种通用的设计，可以提供绿色电能。与典型电池不同，这种打印在柔性纸张基底上的电源不需要液体电解质、危险组件或复杂的制造工艺，并且高度可定制，以满足可穿戴电子和物联网应用的需求。
