Eberhardt-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Leibniz-Institut Für Wissensmedien, Schleichstr. 6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2021 Apr 13;6(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s41235-021-00297-y.
In co-located, multi-user settings such as multi-touch tables, user interfaces need to be accessible from multiple viewpoints. In this project, we investigated how this goal can be achieved for depictions of data in bar graphs. We designed a laboratory task in which participants answered simple questions based on information depicted in bar graphs presented from differently rotated points of view. As the dependent variable, we measured differences in response onsets relative to the standard viewpoint (i.e., upright graphs). In Experiment 1, we manipulated graph and label orientation independently of each other. We observed that rotations of the labels rather than rotations of the graph itself pose a challenge for accessing depicted information from rotated viewpoints. In Experiment 2, we studied whether replacing word labels with pictographs could overcome the detrimental effects of rotated labels. Rotated pictographs were less detrimental than rotated word labels, but performance was still worse than in the unrotated baseline condition. In Experiment 3, we studied whether color coding could overcome the detrimental effects of rotated labels. Indeed, for multicolored labels, the detrimental effect of label rotation was in the negligible range. We discuss the implications of our findings for the underlying psychological theory as well as for the design of depicted statistical information in multi-user settings.
在多用户同地设置中，如多点触控桌，用户界面需要能够从多个视角访问。在这个项目中，我们研究了如何为柱状图中数据的表示实现这一目标。我们设计了一个实验室任务，参与者根据从不同旋转视角呈现的柱状图中描绘的信息回答简单的问题。作为因变量，我们测量了相对于标准视角（即直立图形）的响应起始时间的差异。在实验 1 中，我们独立地操纵图形和标签的方向。我们观察到，标签的旋转而不是图形本身的旋转对从旋转视角访问所描绘的信息构成了挑战。在实验 2 中，我们研究了用象形图代替文字标签是否可以克服旋转标签的不利影响。旋转的象形图比旋转的文字标签的不利影响小，但性能仍然比未旋转的基线条件差。在实验 3 中，我们研究了颜色编码是否可以克服旋转标签的不利影响。事实上，对于多色标签，标签旋转的不利影响可以忽略不计。我们讨论了我们的发现对基础心理理论以及多用户设置中描绘统计信息的设计的影响。
