Wolfe Jeremy M, Horowitz Todd S
Brigham and Women's Hospital / Harvard Med.
NIH, National Cancer Inst.
Nat Hum Behav. 2017 Mar;1(3). doi: 10.1038/s41562-017-0058. Epub 2017 Mar 8.
How do we find what we are looking for? Fundamental limits on visual processing mean that even when the desired target is in our field of view, we often need to search, because it is impossible to recognize everything at once. Searching involves directing attention to objects that might be the target. This deployment of attention is not random. It is guided to the most promising items and locations by five factors discussed here: Bottom-up salience, top-down feature guidance, scene structure and meaning, the previous history of search over time scales from msec to years, and the relative value of the targets and distractors. Modern theories of search need to specify how all five factors combine to shape search behavior. An understanding of the rules of guidance can be used to improve the accuracy and efficiency of socially-important search tasks, from security screening to medical image perception.
我们如何找到我们正在寻找的东西？视觉处理的基本限制意味着，即使所需目标在我们的视野范围内，我们通常也需要进行搜索，因为不可能一次性识别所有事物。搜索涉及将注意力导向可能是目标的物体。这种注意力的部署并非随机。它由这里讨论的五个因素引导至最有希望的项目和位置：自下而上的显著性、自上而下的特征引导、场景结构和意义、从毫秒到数年时间尺度上搜索的先前历史，以及目标和干扰项的相对价值。现代搜索理论需要明确这五个因素如何结合以塑造搜索行为。对引导规则的理解可用于提高从安全检查到医学图像感知等社会重要搜索任务的准确性和效率。
