Meyerhoff Hauke S, Papenmeier Frank, Huff Markus
Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Schleichstr. 6, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2017 Jul;79(5):1255-1274. doi: 10.3758/s13414-017-1338-1.
Human observers are capable of tracking multiple objects among identical distractors based only on their spatiotemporal information. Since the first report of this ability in the seminal work of Pylyshyn and Storm (1988, Spatial Vision, 3, 179-197), multiple object tracking has attracted many researchers. A reason for this is that it is commonly argued that the attentional processes studied with the multiple object paradigm apparently match the attentional processing during real-world tasks such as driving or team sports. We argue that multiple object tracking provides a good mean to study the broader topic of continuous and dynamic visual attention. Indeed, several (partially contradicting) theories of attentive tracking have been proposed within the almost 30 years since its first report, and a large body of research has been conducted to test these theories. With regard to the richness and diversity of this literature, the aim of this tutorial review is to provide researchers who are new in the field of multiple object tracking with an overview over the multiple object tracking paradigm, its basic manipulations, as well as links to other paradigms investigating visual attention and working memory. Further, we aim at reviewing current theories of tracking as well as their empirical evidence. Finally, we review the state of the art in the most prominent research fields of multiple object tracking and how this research has helped to understand visual attention in dynamic settings.
人类观察者仅基于时空信息就能在相同的干扰物中追踪多个物体。自从在Pylyshyn和Storm的开创性研究（1988年，《空间视觉》，第3卷，第179 - 197页）中首次报道这种能力以来，多目标追踪吸引了众多研究者。原因之一是，人们普遍认为，用多目标范式研究的注意过程显然与现实世界任务（如驾驶或团队运动）中的注意加工相匹配。我们认为，多目标追踪为研究持续和动态视觉注意这一更广泛的主题提供了一个很好的方法。事实上，自首次报道以来的近30年里，已经提出了几种（部分相互矛盾的）注意追踪理论，并且已经开展了大量研究来检验这些理论。鉴于该文献的丰富性和多样性，本教程综述的目的是为多目标追踪领域的新手研究人员提供多目标追踪范式、其基本操作以及与其他研究视觉注意和工作记忆的范式之间联系的概述。此外，我们旨在综述当前的追踪理论及其实证证据。最后，我们综述多目标追踪最突出研究领域的现状，以及这项研究如何有助于理解动态环境中的视觉注意。
