Xie Mingjun, Fowle Jillianne, Ip Pak See, Haskin Milou, Yip Tiffany
Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA.
J Youth Adolesc. 2021 Jun;50(6):1173-1188. doi: 10.1007/s10964-021-01436-w. Epub 2021 Apr 13.
Ethnic-racial identity, ethnic-racial socialization, and racialized experiences are fundamental to the development of youth of color. However, most prior studies have examined their developmental impact in isolation. The present study fills this gap using a person-centered approach to elucidate patterns of ethnic-racial identity, socialization, and model minority experiences among 145 Asian American adolescents (M = 14.3, SD = 0.59; 65% female). Three distinct profiles were identified. Overall, adolescents with stronger ethnic-racial identity and more cultural socialization but less preparation for bias (Salient, 13%) demonstrated better psychosocial and academic outcomes. Adolescents with moderate levels on the six indicators of ethnic-racial identity, socialization, and model minority experiences (Moderate, 72%) reported better sleep quality and less delinquency. Adolescents with low levels of ethnic-racial identity and cultural socialization but greater preparation for bias (Marginal, 15%) had the least adaptative outcomes across all domains. The findings observed the heterogeneity of ethnic-racial experiences within the Asian American group and highlighted the importance of examining the combined influences of ethnic-racial identity, socialization, and model minority experiences on health and well-being among Asian American adolescents from a multidimensional perspective.
族裔-种族认同、族裔-种族社会化以及种族化经历对于有色人种青少年的发展至关重要。然而，大多数先前的研究都是孤立地考察它们的发展影响。本研究采用以个体为中心的方法填补了这一空白，以阐明145名亚裔美国青少年（平均年龄M = 14.3岁，标准差SD = 0.59；65%为女性）的族裔-种族认同、社会化和模范少数族裔经历模式。确定了三种不同的类型。总体而言，族裔-种族认同更强、文化社会化程度更高但应对偏见准备较少的青少年（显著型，占13%）表现出更好的心理社会和学业成果。在族裔-种族认同、社会化和模范少数族裔经历的六项指标上处于中等水平的青少年（中等型，占72%）报告睡眠质量更好且犯罪行为较少。族裔-种族认同和文化社会化程度较低但应对偏见准备较多的青少年（边缘型，占15%）在所有领域的适应性成果最差。研究结果揭示了亚裔美国人群体中族裔-种族经历的异质性，并强调了从多维视角审视族裔-种族认同、社会化和模范少数族裔经历对亚裔美国青少年健康和幸福的综合影响的重要性。
