Claremont Mckenna College and City of Hope National Medical Center, 880 N. Columbia Ave, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA.
University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2022 Mar;25(1):75-92. doi: 10.1007/s10567-022-00389-1. Epub 2022 Feb 24.
Youth in marginalized communities who "strive" to rise above adversity, including systemic racism and poverty, are considered "resilient." African-American, Latinx, and Asian-American youth often achieve admirable academic success despite limited social capital and high early life stress by adopting a "striving persistent behavioral style" (SPBS). SPBS may be supported by family socialization processes that facilitate reliance on self-regulation processes. Unfortunately, a young person's resilience in one domain (i.e., academic) can come at a cost in other domains, including physical and mental health morbidities that are under-identified and under-treated. Indeed, research suggests a link between SPBS in the face of adversity and later health morbidities among ethnic minority youth. Herein, we describe SPBS as an adaptation to minority stress that not only promotes social mobility but may also stoke physical and mental health disparities. We review how family processes related to academic, emotional, and ethnic-racial socialization can facilitate the striving persistent behavioral style. We emphasize the double bind that ethnic minority families are caught in and discuss directions for future research and clinical implications for individual and family-level interventions. While needed, we argue that individual and family-level interventions represent a near-term work around. Solutions and factors that shape the need for SPBS and its cost must be addressed structurally.
在边缘化社区中，那些“努力”克服逆境的年轻人，包括系统性种族主义和贫困，被认为是“有韧性的”。尽管非裔美国人、拉丁裔和亚裔美国青年的社会资本有限，早期生活压力较大，但他们通过采用“努力坚持的行为风格”（SPBS），往往能取得令人钦佩的学业成功。SPBS 可能得到家庭社会化过程的支持，这些过程有助于依赖自我调节过程。不幸的是，一个人在一个领域（即学业）的韧性可能会以其他领域为代价，包括身体和心理健康的发病率，这些发病率未得到充分识别和治疗。事实上，研究表明，面对逆境时的 SPBS 与少数族裔青年后来的健康发病率之间存在关联。在此，我们将 SPBS 描述为对少数民族压力的一种适应，它不仅促进了社会流动，而且可能加剧了身体和心理健康方面的差异。我们回顾了与学业、情感和族裔种族社会化相关的家庭过程如何促进努力坚持的行为风格。我们强调了少数族裔家庭陷入的双重困境，并讨论了未来研究和个体及家庭层面干预的临床意义的方向。虽然需要，但我们认为个体和家庭层面的干预只是近期的工作。必须从结构上解决塑造 SPBS 需求及其代价的解决方案和因素。
